1- Introduction to the Genus Sterculia L. - Chesnut genus
+ Scientific classificaton
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Sterculioideae
Genus: Sterculia L.
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Sterculioideae
Genus: Sterculia L.
1.2- Genus Sterculia L. - Chestnut genus
+ Overview
Sterculia is a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Sterculioideae, in the mallow family Malvaceae of the Order Malvales. It was previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae.
Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. The scientific name is taken from Sterculius of Roman mythology, who was the god of manure; this is in reference to the unpleasant aroma of the flowers of this genus (e.g., Sterculia foetida).
Sterculia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the leaf miner Bucculatrix xenaula, which feeds exclusively on the genus.
Gum karaya is extracted from Sterculia species, and is used as a thickener and emulsifier in foods, as a laxative, and as a denture adhesive.
+ Synonyms:
1- Ivira Aubl.
2- Mateatia Vell.
3- Triphaca Lour.
4- Xylosterculia Kosterm.
+ Overview
Sterculia is a genus of flowering plants in the subfamily Sterculioideae, in the mallow family Malvaceae of the Order Malvales. It was previously placed in the now obsolete Sterculiaceae.
Members of the genus are colloquially known as tropical chestnuts. The scientific name is taken from Sterculius of Roman mythology, who was the god of manure; this is in reference to the unpleasant aroma of the flowers of this genus (e.g., Sterculia foetida).
Sterculia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the leaf miner Bucculatrix xenaula, which feeds exclusively on the genus.
Gum karaya is extracted from Sterculia species, and is used as a thickener and emulsifier in foods, as a laxative, and as a denture adhesive.
+ Synonyms:
1- Ivira Aubl.
2- Mateatia Vell.
3- Triphaca Lour.
4- Xylosterculia Kosterm.
2- Taxonomy of the Genus Sterculia L. - Chestnut genus
2.1- Selected species
1- Sterculia africana - Mopopaja tree
2- Sterculia alexandri - Cape sterculia
3- Sterculia apetala - Panama tree; manduvi tree
4- Sterculia balanghas
5- Sterculia cinerea
6- Sterculia colorata - Scarlet sterculia
7- Sterculia cochinchinensis Pierre 'Trom nam' in Vietnam
8- Sterculia foetida - bastard poon tree, hazel sterculia, wild almond tree (Vietnamese = trôm, ôliu Java)
9- Sterculia guttata
10- Sterculia hypochrea Pierre - 'Trom quat' in Vietnam
11- Sterculia khasiana
12- Sterculia lanceolata (Vietnamese = trôm lá mác, tần bà)
13- Sterculia lychnophora Hance - Malva nut, Marg Jong (Thailand) (Vietnamese = lười ươi, ươi, cây đười ươi, thạch)
14- Sterculia monosperma - China chestnut, Seven Sisters' Fruit, Pheng phok
15- Sterculia murex - Lowveld chestnut
16- Sterculia oblongata
17- Sterculia parviflora
18- Sterculia paniculata
19- Sterculia pinbienensis (Vietnamese = ngô đồng)
20- Sterculia quadrifida - Gorarbar
21- Sterculia quinqueloba - Five-lobed sterculia
22- Sterculia rhinopetala - Red sterculia
23- Sterculia rogersii - Ulumbu tree
24- Sterculia rubiginosa Vent - 'Bai rua long' in Vietnam
25- Sterculia scaphigera - Pang da hai, the boat Sterculia seed
26- Sterculia schliebenii
27- Sterculia tantraensis
28- Sterculia tomentosa
29- Sterculia thorelii Pierre - 'Bay thua Thorel' in Vietnam
30- Sterculia treubii
31- Sterculia trichosiphon - Broad-leaved bottle tree
32- Sterculia urceolata
33- Sterculia urens - Gulu
34- Sterculia villosa
35- Sterculia zastrowiana
1- Sterculia africana - Mopopaja tree
2- Sterculia alexandri - Cape sterculia
3- Sterculia apetala - Panama tree; manduvi tree
4- Sterculia balanghas
5- Sterculia cinerea
6- Sterculia colorata - Scarlet sterculia
7- Sterculia cochinchinensis Pierre 'Trom nam' in Vietnam
8- Sterculia foetida - bastard poon tree, hazel sterculia, wild almond tree (Vietnamese = trôm, ôliu Java)
9- Sterculia guttata
10- Sterculia hypochrea Pierre - 'Trom quat' in Vietnam
11- Sterculia khasiana
12- Sterculia lanceolata (Vietnamese = trôm lá mác, tần bà)
13- Sterculia lychnophora Hance - Malva nut, Marg Jong (Thailand) (Vietnamese = lười ươi, ươi, cây đười ươi, thạch)
14- Sterculia monosperma - China chestnut, Seven Sisters' Fruit, Pheng phok
15- Sterculia murex - Lowveld chestnut
16- Sterculia oblongata
17- Sterculia parviflora
18- Sterculia paniculata
19- Sterculia pinbienensis (Vietnamese = ngô đồng)
20- Sterculia quadrifida - Gorarbar
21- Sterculia quinqueloba - Five-lobed sterculia
22- Sterculia rhinopetala - Red sterculia
23- Sterculia rogersii - Ulumbu tree
24- Sterculia rubiginosa Vent - 'Bai rua long' in Vietnam
25- Sterculia scaphigera - Pang da hai, the boat Sterculia seed
26- Sterculia schliebenii
27- Sterculia tantraensis
28- Sterculia tomentosa
29- Sterculia thorelii Pierre - 'Bay thua Thorel' in Vietnam
30- Sterculia treubii
31- Sterculia trichosiphon - Broad-leaved bottle tree
32- Sterculia urceolata
33- Sterculia urens - Gulu
34- Sterculia villosa
35- Sterculia zastrowiana
2.2- The Important species that have edible parts
1- Sterculia foetida - bastard poon tree, hazel sterculia, wild almond tree (Vietnamese = Trôm).
2- Sterculia lychnophora Hance - Malva nut, Marg Jong (Thailand) (Vietnamese = Đười ươi).
3- Sterculia monosperma - China chestnut, Seven Sisters' Fruit, Pheng phok (Vietnamese = Dẻ Trung Quốc).
1- Sterculia foetida - bastard poon tree, hazel sterculia, wild almond tree (Vietnamese = Trôm).
2- Sterculia lychnophora Hance - Malva nut, Marg Jong (Thailand) (Vietnamese = Đười ươi).
3- Sterculia monosperma - China chestnut, Seven Sisters' Fruit, Pheng phok (Vietnamese = Dẻ Trung Quốc).
Edited by Ho Dinh Hai
Long An - Vietnam
References
1- http://www.worldwidefruits.com
2- http://www.worldwidefruits.com/orders-of-plants.html
3- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvales
4- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvaceae
5- http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/malvacea.htm
6- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterculioideae
7- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterculia
Long An - Vietnam
References
1- http://www.worldwidefruits.com
2- http://www.worldwidefruits.com/orders-of-plants.html
3- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvales
4- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvaceae
5- http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/malvacea.htm
6- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterculioideae
7- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterculia
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