1- Introduction to the Family Rhamnaceae - Buckthorn family
+ Overview
Rhamnaceae is a large family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs, and some vines, commonly called the Buckthorn family.
The family contains 50-60 genera and approximately 870-900 species. Rhamnaceae have a worldwide distribution, but are more common in the subtropical and tropical regions. The earliest fossil evidence of Rhamnaceae is from the Eocene.
+ Synonyms:
1- Frangulaceae DC.
2- Phylicaceae J.Agardh
3- Ziziphaceae Adans. ex Post & Kuntze
Rhamnaceae is a large family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs, and some vines, commonly called the Buckthorn family.
The family contains 50-60 genera and approximately 870-900 species. Rhamnaceae have a worldwide distribution, but are more common in the subtropical and tropical regions. The earliest fossil evidence of Rhamnaceae is from the Eocene.
+ Synonyms:
1- Frangulaceae DC.
2- Phylicaceae J.Agardh
3- Ziziphaceae Adans. ex Post & Kuntze
2- Characteristics of the Family Rhamnaceae - Buckthorn family
2.1- Description
Leaves of Rhamnaceae family members are simple, i.e., the leaf blades are not divided into smaller leaflets. Leaves can be either alternate and spiraling, or opposite. Stipules are present. These leaves are modified into spines in many genera, in some (e.g. Paliurus spina-christi and Colletia cruciata) spectacularly so. Colletia stands out by having two axillary buds instead of one, one developing into a thorn, the other one into a shoot.
The fruits are mostly berries, fleshy drupes or nuts. Some are adapted to wind carriage, but most are dispersed by mammals and birds. Chinese jujube is the fruit of the jujube tree (Ziziphus zizyphus) and is a major fruit in China.
Leaves of Rhamnaceae family members are simple, i.e., the leaf blades are not divided into smaller leaflets. Leaves can be either alternate and spiraling, or opposite. Stipules are present. These leaves are modified into spines in many genera, in some (e.g. Paliurus spina-christi and Colletia cruciata) spectacularly so. Colletia stands out by having two axillary buds instead of one, one developing into a thorn, the other one into a shoot.
The fruits are mostly berries, fleshy drupes or nuts. Some are adapted to wind carriage, but most are dispersed by mammals and birds. Chinese jujube is the fruit of the jujube tree (Ziziphus zizyphus) and is a major fruit in China.
3- Taxonomy of the Family Rhamnaceae - Buckthorn family
3.1- Tribes and Genera:
1- Tribe Ampelozizipheae [1 genus]
1- Genus Ampelozizyphus Ducke
2- Tribe Bathiorhamneae [1 genus]
1-Bathiorhamnus Capuron
3- Tribe Colletieae [7 genera]
1- Genus Adolphia Meisn.
2- Genus Colletia Comm. ex Juss.
3- Genus Discaria Hook.
4- Genus Kentrothamnus Suess. & Overkott
5- Genus Ochetophila Poepp. ex Reissek
6- Genus Retanilla (DC.) Brongn.
7- Genus Trevoa Miers ex Hook.
4- Tribe Doerpfeldieae [1 genus]
1- Genus Doerpfeldia Urb.
5- Tribe Gouanieae [7 genera]
1- Genus Alvimiantha Grey-Wilson
2- Genus Crumenaria Mart.
3- Genus Gouania Jacq.
4- Genus Helinus E.Mey. ex Endl.
5- Genus Johnstonalia Tortosa (originally named Johnstonia; by some treated as Gouania)
6- Genus Pleuranthodes Weberb.
7- Genus Reissekia Endl.
6- Tribe Maesopsideae [1 genus]
1- Genus Maesopsis Engl.
7- Tribe Paliureae [3 genera]
1- Genus Hovenia Thunb.
2- Genus Paliurus Mill.
3- Genus Ziziphus Mill.
8- Tribe Phyliceae [4 genera]
1- Genus Nesiota† Hook.f.
2- Genus Noltea Rchb.
3- Genus Phylica L.
4- Genus Trichocephalus Brogn.
1- Tribe Ampelozizipheae [1 genus]
1- Genus Ampelozizyphus Ducke
2- Tribe Bathiorhamneae [1 genus]
1-Bathiorhamnus Capuron
3- Tribe Colletieae [7 genera]
1- Genus Adolphia Meisn.
2- Genus Colletia Comm. ex Juss.
3- Genus Discaria Hook.
4- Genus Kentrothamnus Suess. & Overkott
5- Genus Ochetophila Poepp. ex Reissek
6- Genus Retanilla (DC.) Brongn.
7- Genus Trevoa Miers ex Hook.
4- Tribe Doerpfeldieae [1 genus]
1- Genus Doerpfeldia Urb.
5- Tribe Gouanieae [7 genera]
1- Genus Alvimiantha Grey-Wilson
2- Genus Crumenaria Mart.
3- Genus Gouania Jacq.
4- Genus Helinus E.Mey. ex Endl.
5- Genus Johnstonalia Tortosa (originally named Johnstonia; by some treated as Gouania)
6- Genus Pleuranthodes Weberb.
7- Genus Reissekia Endl.
6- Tribe Maesopsideae [1 genus]
1- Genus Maesopsis Engl.
7- Tribe Paliureae [3 genera]
1- Genus Hovenia Thunb.
2- Genus Paliurus Mill.
3- Genus Ziziphus Mill.
8- Tribe Phyliceae [4 genera]
1- Genus Nesiota† Hook.f.
2- Genus Noltea Rchb.
3- Genus Phylica L.
4- Genus Trichocephalus Brogn.
9- Tribe Pomaderreae [10 genera]
1- Genus Blackallia C.A.Gardner
2- Genus Cryptandra Sm.
3- Genus Papistylus Kellermann, Rye & K.R.Thiele
4- Genus Polianthon K.R.Thiele
5- Genus Pomaderris Labill.
6- Genus Serichonus K.R.Thiele
7- Genus Siegfriedia C.A.Gardner
8- Genus Spyridium Fenzl
9- Genus Stenanthemum Reissek
10- Genus Trymalium Fenzl
10- Tribe Rhamneae [13 genera]
1- Genus Auerodendron Urb.
2- Genus Berchemia Neck. ex DC.
3- Genus Berchemiella Nakai
4- Genus Condalia Cav.
5- Genus Frangula Mill.
6- Genus Karwinskia Zucc.
7- Genus Krugiodendron Urb.
8- Genus Reynosia Griseb.
9- Genus Rhamnella Miq.
10- Genus Rhamnidium Reissek
11- Genus Rhamnus L.
12- Genus Sageretia Brongn.
13- Genus Scutia (Comm. ex DC.) Brongn.
11- Tribe Ventilagineae [2 genera]
1- Genus Smythea Seem.
2- Genus Ventilago Gaertn.
12- [Tribe] Incertae sedis [11 genera]
1- Genus Alphitonia Endl. (close to Colubrina)
2- Genus Araracuara Fern.Alonso
3- Genus Ceanothus L. (close to Pomaderreae)
4- Genus Chaydaia Pit. (by some treated as Rhamnella)
5- Genus Colubrina Rich. ex Brongn.
6- Genus Emmenosperma F.Muell. (close to Colubrina)
7- Genus Granitites Rye (close to either Alphitonia or Pomaderris)
8- Genus Hybosperma Urb. (by some treated as Colubrina)
9- Genus Lasiodiscus Hook.f.
10- Genus Schistocarpaea F.Muell. (maybe belonging to Colletieae)
11- Genus Talguenea Miers ex Endl. (by some treated as Trevoa)
1- Genus Blackallia C.A.Gardner
2- Genus Cryptandra Sm.
3- Genus Papistylus Kellermann, Rye & K.R.Thiele
4- Genus Polianthon K.R.Thiele
5- Genus Pomaderris Labill.
6- Genus Serichonus K.R.Thiele
7- Genus Siegfriedia C.A.Gardner
8- Genus Spyridium Fenzl
9- Genus Stenanthemum Reissek
10- Genus Trymalium Fenzl
10- Tribe Rhamneae [13 genera]
1- Genus Auerodendron Urb.
2- Genus Berchemia Neck. ex DC.
3- Genus Berchemiella Nakai
4- Genus Condalia Cav.
5- Genus Frangula Mill.
6- Genus Karwinskia Zucc.
7- Genus Krugiodendron Urb.
8- Genus Reynosia Griseb.
9- Genus Rhamnella Miq.
10- Genus Rhamnidium Reissek
11- Genus Rhamnus L.
12- Genus Sageretia Brongn.
13- Genus Scutia (Comm. ex DC.) Brongn.
11- Tribe Ventilagineae [2 genera]
1- Genus Smythea Seem.
2- Genus Ventilago Gaertn.
12- [Tribe] Incertae sedis [11 genera]
1- Genus Alphitonia Endl. (close to Colubrina)
2- Genus Araracuara Fern.Alonso
3- Genus Ceanothus L. (close to Pomaderreae)
4- Genus Chaydaia Pit. (by some treated as Rhamnella)
5- Genus Colubrina Rich. ex Brongn.
6- Genus Emmenosperma F.Muell. (close to Colubrina)
7- Genus Granitites Rye (close to either Alphitonia or Pomaderris)
8- Genus Hybosperma Urb. (by some treated as Colubrina)
9- Genus Lasiodiscus Hook.f.
10- Genus Schistocarpaea F.Muell. (maybe belonging to Colletieae)
11- Genus Talguenea Miers ex Endl. (by some treated as Trevoa)
3.2- The Tribes and Genera that have edible fruits:
1- Tribe Paliureae
1- Ziziphus Mill.
2- Tribe Rhamneae
1- Sageretia Brongn.
Source: Rhamnaceae - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1- Tribe Paliureae
1- Ziziphus Mill.
2- Tribe Rhamneae
1- Sageretia Brongn.
Source: Rhamnaceae - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Edited by Ho Dinh Hai
Long An - Vietnam
References
1- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales
2- http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/Rosalesweb.htm#Rosales
3- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi
4- http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/barbeyaceae.htm
5- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbeya
6- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabaceae
7- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtis
8- https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirachmaceae
9- http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/rosalesweb.htm#Dirachmaceae
10- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirachma
11- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeagnaceae
12- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraceae
13- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhamnaceae
14- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae
15- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulmaceae
16- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urticacea
Long An - Vietnam
References
1- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales
2- http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/Rosalesweb.htm#Rosales
3- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi
4- http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/barbeyaceae.htm
5- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbeya
6- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabaceae
7- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtis
8- https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirachmaceae
9- http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/rosalesweb.htm#Dirachmaceae
10- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirachma
11- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeagnaceae
12- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraceae
13- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhamnaceae
14- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae
15- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulmaceae
16- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urticacea
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