THE WORLDWIDE FRUITS
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  • ORDERS OF PLANTS
    • ORDER ARECALES >
      • FAMILY ARECACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY ARECOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Areceae >
            • Subtribe Arecinae >
              • Genus Areca >
                • Areca catechu - Petel nut palm
            • Subtribe Euterpeinae
            • Subtribe Ptychospermatinae
            • Subtribe Roystoneinae
          • Tribe Caryoteae >
            • Genus Arenga >
              • Arenga pinnata
          • Tribe Cocoeae >
            • Genus Cocos >
              • Cocos nucifera (Coconut palm)
            • Genus Elaeis >
              • Elaeis quineensis (Oil palm tree)
        • SUBFAMILY CALAMOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Calameae >
            • Genus Salacca >
              • Salacca wallichiana
              • Salacca zalacca (Salak)
        • SUBFAMILY CEROXYLOIDEAE >
          • Genus Phytelephas >
            • Phytelephas aequatorialis
            • Phytelephas macrocarpa
        • SUBFAMILY CORYPHOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Borasseae >
            • Genus Borassus >
              • Borassus flabellifer (Toddy palm)
            • Genus Lodoicea >
              • Lodoicea maldivica (Double coconut)
          • Tribe Phoeniceae >
            • Genus Phoenix >
              • Phoenix dactylifera (Date palm)
              • Phoenix reclinata (Senrgal date palm)
              • Phoenix sylvestris (Indian date palm)
        • SUBFAMILY NYPOIDEAE >
          • Genus Nypa >
            • Nypa fruticans (Nipa palm)
    • ORDER BRASSICALES >
      • FAMILY CARICACEAE >
        • Genus Carica >
          • Carica papaya (Papaya)
        • Genus Jacaratia
        • Genus Vasconcellea >
          • Vasconcellea candicans - Mito tree
          • Vasconcellea goudotiana
          • Vasconcellea pubescens - Mountain papaya
          • Vasconcellea x heilbornii - Babaco tree
    • ORDER CARYPHYLLALES >
      • FAMILY CACTACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY CACTOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Cacteae
          • Tribe Cereeae >
            • Genus Cereus >
              • Cereus repandus
          • Tribe Helocereeae >
            • Genus Hylocereus >
              • Hylocereus costaricensis (Red-fleshed Pitahaya)
              • Hylocereus indatus (Pitahaya or Dragon fruit)
              • Hylocereus megalanthus (Yellow pitahaya)
        • SUBFAMILY OPUNTIEAE >
          • Tribe Opuntieae >
            • Genus Opuntia >
              • Opuntia ficus-indica (Tunas)
        • SUBFAMILY PERESKIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Pereskia >
            • Pereskia aculeata
    • ORDER CUCURBITALES >
      • FAMILY CUCURBITACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY CUCURBITOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Benincaseae >
            • Subtribe Benincasinae >
              • Genus Acanthosicyos >
                • Acanthosicyos horridus
                • Acathosicyos naudinianus
              • Genus Benincasa >
                • Benincasa hispida (Winter melon)
              • Genus Cucumis >
                • Cucumis melo (Muskmelon) >
                  • Cantaloupe
                • Cucumis metuliferus (Horned melon)
                • Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) >
                  • Lemon Cucumber
              • Genus Citrullus >
                • Citrullus caffer (Citron melon)
                • Citrullus colocynthis - Desert gourd
                • Citrullus ecirrhosus - Tsamma melon
                • Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon)
              • Genus Lagenaria >
                • Lagennaria siceraria (Bottle gourd)
            • Subtribe Luffinae >
              • Genus Luffa >
                • Luffa accutangula (Angled luffa)
                • Luffa Aegyptiaca (Smooth luffa)
              • Genus Cucumis >
                • Cucumis anguria - Maroon cucumber
                • Cucumis dipsaceus - Wild Spiny Cucumber
                • Cucumis humofructus - Aadvark cucumber
                • Cucumis metuliferus - Horned melon
                • Cucumis myriocarpus - Gooseberry cucumber
                • Cucumis prophetarum - Paddy melon
                • Cucumis sativas - Cucumber
              • Subtribe Cucumerinae
          • Tribe Cucurbiteae >
            • Genus Abobra >
              • Abobra tenuifolia - Cranberry gourd
            • Genus Cucurbita >
              • Cucurbita argyrosperma - Cushaw pumpkin
              • Cucurbita ficifolia - Figleaf gourd
              • Cucurbita foetidissima - Buffalo gourd
              • Cucurbita maxima - Giant pumpkin
              • Cucurbita moschata - Butternut squash
              • Cucurbita okeechobeensis
              • Cucurbita pepo - Field pumpkin
              • Cucurbita gracilior
              • New Page >
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                • Acorn Squash
          • Tribe Joliffieae >
            • Genus Momordica >
              • Momordica charantia (Bitter melon)
              • Momordica cochichinensis (Gac)
            • Genus Siraitia >
              • Genus Areca >
                • Areca catechu (Betel palm)
              • Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo han guo or Monk fruit)
          • Tribe Momordiceae >
            • Genus Momordica >
              • Momordica balsamina - African cucumber
              • Momordica charantia - Bitter melon
              • Momordica cochinchinensis - Gac
              • Momordica cymbalaria
              • Momordica dioica - Spine Gourd
              • Momordica foetida
          • Tribe Sicyoeae >
            • Genus Cyclanthera >
              • Cyclanthera explodens
              • Cyclanthera pedata - Achocha gourd
            • Genus Frantzia
            • Genus Hodgsona
            • Genus Marah
            • Genus Sechium - Chayota genus >
              • Sechium edule - Chayote
            • Genus Trichosanthes
          • Tribe Siraitieae >
            • Genus Siraitia >
              • Siraitia grosvenorii - Monk fruit
          • Tribe Trichosantheae >
            • Genus Hodgsonia
            • Genus Trichosanthes >
              • Trichosanthes cucumerina - Snake gourd
    • ORDER ERICALES >
      • FAMILY ACTINIDIACEAE >
        • Genus Actinidia >
          • Actinidia arguta - Hardy kiwifruit
          • Actinidia chinensis - Golden kiwi)fruit
          • Actinidia diliciosa - Kiwi fruit
          • Actinidia kolomikta - Arctic kiwifruit
          • Actinidia melanandra - Red kiwifruit
          • Actinidia polygama - Silver vine
      • FAMILY EBENACEAE >
        • Genus Diospyros >
          • Diospyros blancoi - Velvet persimmon
          • Diospyros decandra - Gold apple
          • Diospyros kaki - Asian Persimmon
          • Diospyros lotus - Lilac persimmon
          • Diospyros nigra - Black sapote
          • Diospyros taxana (Texas persimmon)
          • Diospyros virginiana (American Persimmon)
      • FAMILY ERICACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY ARBUTOIDEAE >
          • Genus Arbutus >
            • Arbutus unedo - Strawberry tree
          • Genus Artostaphylos
          • Genus Xylococcus >
            • Xylococcus bicolor - Mission mananita
        • SUBFAMILY STYPHELIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Leptecophylla >
            • Leptecophylla juniperina
            • Leptecophylla tameiameiae
          • Genus Styphelia
        • SUBFAMILY VACCINOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Gaultherieae >
            • Genus Gaultheria
          • Tribe Vaccinieae >
            • Genus Gaylussacia >
              • Gaylussacia baccata - Black Huckleberry
              • Gaylussacia branchycera (Box Huckleberry)
              • Gaylussacia dumosa (Dwarf Huckleberry)
              • Gaylussacia frondosa (Blue Huckleberry)
            • Genus Vaccinium >
              • Bilberry or Whortleberry
              • Blueberry
              • Cranberry
              • Lingonberry or Cowberry
              • Huckleberry
      • FAMILY LECYTHIDACEAE >
        • Genus Bertholletia >
          • Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut)
        • Genus Gustavia >
          • Gustavia superba
        • Genus Lecythis >
          • Lecythis pisonic
          • Lecythis zabucajo
      • FAMILY SAPOTACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY CHRYSOPHYLLOIDEAE >
          • Genus Chrysophyllum >
            • Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple)
            • Chrysophyllum cainito (Milk fruit)
            • Chrysophyllum oliviforme - Wild Star apple
            • Chrysophyllum roxburghii
            • Chrysophyllum magalismontanum
          • Genus Englerophytum >
            • Englerrophytum magalismontanum
            • Englerophytum natalense
          • Genus Synsepalum >
            • Synsepalum dulcificum (Miracle fruit)
          • Genus Pouteria >
            • Pouteria campechiana (Cannistel)
            • Pouteria caimito - Abiu tree
            • Pouteria lucuma - Lucuma
            • Pouteria multiflora - Broad - leaved lucuma
            • Pouteria sapota (Mamey sapote)
            • Pouteria viridis - Green sapote
        • SUBFAMILY SAPODOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Sapoteae >
            • Genus Manilkara >
              • Manilkara bidentata
              • Manilkara chicle (Chicle)
              • Manilkara hexandra
              • Manilkara huberi
              • Manilkara zopota (Sapodilla)
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            • Genus Mimusops >
              • Mimusops caffra
              • Mimusops elengi
              • Mimusops zeyheri
          • Tribe Sideroxyleae >
            • Genus Argania >
              • Argania spinosa
    • ORDER LAMIALES >
      • FAMILY OLEACEAE >
        • Tribe Oleeae >
          • Genus Olea >
            • Olea europaea (Olive)
      • FAMILY PEDALIACEAE >
        • Genus Sesamum >
          • Sesamum indicum - Sesame
    • ORDER LAURALES >
      • FAMILY GOMORTEGACEAE
      • FAMILY LAURACEAE >
        • Genus Cinnamomum
        • Genus Laurus
        • Genus Persea >
          • Persea americana (Avocado)
    • ORDER MAGNOLIALES >
      • FAMILY ANNONACEAE >
        • Genus Annona >
          • Annona x atemoya - Atenmoya
          • Annona cherimola - Cherimoya
          • Annona chrysophylia - Graines
          • Annona crassiflora - Marrolo
          • Annona diversiflora - Ilama
          • Annona glabra - Pond apple
          • Annona montana - Mountain soursop
          • Annona muricata - Soursop
          • Annona purpurea - Soncoya
          • Annona reticulata - Custard apple
          • Annona squamosa - Sweetsop
        • Genus Anonidium >
          • Anonidium mannii - Junglesop
        • Genus Asimina >
          • Asimina triloba - Common pawpaw
        • Genus Monodora
        • Genus Rollinia >
          • Rollinia deliciosa - Wild sugar apple
        • Genus Uvaria >
          • Uvaria chamae
          • Uvaria ovata
          • Uvaria rufa
      • FAMILY MYRRISTICACEAE >
        • Genus Myristica >
          • Myristica fragrans - True nutmeg
    • ORDER MALPIGHIALES >
      • FAMILY CALOPHYLLACEAE >
        • Genus Mammea >
          • Mammea americana - Mamey apple
      • FAMILY CLUSIACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY CLUSIOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Garcinieae >
            • Genus Garcinia >
              • Garcinia dulcis - Mundu tree
              • Garcinia humilis - Achacha tree
              • Garcinia gardneriana - Bacupari
              • Garcinia indica - Kokum tree
              • Garcinia intermedia - Lemon drop mangosteen
              • Garcinia mangostana - Mangosteen
          • Tribe Platonieae >
            • Genus Platonia - Bacury genus
        • SUBFAMILY HYPERICOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Calophylleae >
            • Genus Mammea
      • FAMILY EUPHORBIACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY ACALYPHOIDEAE >
          • Genus Ricinus >
            • Ricinus communis
        • SUBFAMILY CROTONOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Aleuritideae >
            • Genus Aleurites
          • Tribe Manitroteae >
            • Genus Manihot
          • Tribe Micrandreae >
            • Genus Schinziophyton
      • FAMILY MALPIGHIACEAE >
        • Genus Bunchosia >
          • Bunchosia argentea
          • Bunchosia armeniaca
        • Genus Byrsonima >
          • Byrsonima crassifolia - Nance fruit
        • Genus Malpighia >
          • Malpighia emarginata (West Indian cherry)
      • FAMILY PHYLLANTHACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY ANTIDESMATOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Antidesmeae >
            • Genus Antidesma >
              • Antidesma bunius
          • Tribe Scepinae >
            • Genus Baccaurea
        • SUBFAMILY PHYLLANTHOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Phyllantheae >
            • Genus Phyllanthus >
              • Phyllanthus acidus (Star gooseberry)
              • Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry)
    • ORDER MALVALES >
      • FAMILY BIXACEAE >
        • Genus Bixa >
          • Bixa orellana
      • FAMILY MALVACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY BOMBACOIDEAE >
          • Genus Adansona - Baobab genus >
            • Adansonia digitata - Baobab
            • Adansonia grandidieri - Giant baobab
          • Genus Quararibea >
            • Quararibea cordata >
              • New Page
        • SUBFAMILY BYTTNEROIDEAE >
          • Genus Theobroma >
            • Theobroma bicolor (Mocambo)
            • Theobroma cacao (Cacao tree)
            • Theobroma granddiflorum
        • SUBFAMILY HELICTEROIDEAE >
          • Tribe Durionneae >
            • Genus Durio L. >
              • Durio dulcis (Red Durian)
              • Durio zibethinus (Durian)
        • SUBFAMILY MALVOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Hibisceae >
            • Genus Abelmoschus >
              • Abelmoschus caillei - West African okra
              • Abelmoschus esculentus - Okra
        • SUBFAMILY STERCULIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Cola >
            • Cola acuminata
            • Cola nilida
          • Genus Sterculia
      • FAMILY MUNTINGIACEAE >
        • Genus Muntingia >
          • Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry)
    • ORDER MYRTALES >
      • FAMILY LYTHRACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY PUNICOIDEAE >
          • Genus Punica >
            • Runica granatum (Pomegranate)
            • Punica protopunica (Socotran pomegranate)
        • SUBFAMILY SONNERATIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Sonneratia >
            • Sonneratia alba
            • Sonneratia caseolaris
            • Sonneratia hainanensis
            • Sonneratia ovata
        • SUBFAMILY TRAPOIDEAE >
          • Genus Trapa
      • FAMILY MYRTACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY LEPTOSPERMOIDEAE
        • SUBFAMILY MYRTOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Myrteae >
            • Genus Acca >
              • Acca sellowiana
            • Genus Amomyrtus
            • Genus Austromyrtus
            • Genus Eugenia
            • Genus Hexachlamys
            • Genus Luma >
              • Luma apiculata
              • Luma chequen
            • Genus Myrtus
            • Genus Plinia
            • Genus Psidium >
              • Psidium cattleyanum (Cherry Guava)
              • Psidium guajava (Guava)
            • Genus Rhodomyrtus
            • Genus Ugni
          • Tribe Syzygieae >
            • Genus Syzygium >
              • Syzygium jambos
              • Syzygium oleosum
              • Syzygium paniculatum
              • Syzygium papyraceum
              • Syzygium samarangense (Java apple)
              • Syzygium smithii
      • FAMILY PENAEACEAE >
        • Genus Olinia >
          • Olinia emarginata (Mountain hard peaer)
    • ORDER ROSALES >
      • FAMILY CANNABACEAE >
        • Genus Celtis >
          • Celtis occidentalis
          • Celtis sinensis
      • FAMILY ELAEAGNACEAE >
        • Genus Elaeagnus >
          • Elaeagnus multiflora (Cherry elaeagnus)
        • Genus Hippophae >
          • Hippophae rhamnoides (Sanddorn fruit)
        • Genus Shepherdia
      • FAMILY MORACEAE >
        • Tribe Artocarpeae >
          • Genus Artocarpus >
            • Artocarpus altilis (Breadfruit)
            • Artocarpus integer (Cempedak)
            • Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit)
          • Genus Treculia >
            • Treculia africana (African breadfruit)
        • Tribe Durioneae >
          • Genus Durio >
            • Durio zibethinus (Durian)
        • Tribe Ficeae >
          • Genus Ficus >
            • Ficus carica - Common fig
            • Ficus coronata - Creek sandpeper fig
            • Ficus platypoda - Desert fig
            • Ficus racemosa - Cluster fig
        • Tribe Moceae >
          • Genus Maclura
          • Genus Morus
      • FAMILY RHAMNACEAE >
        • Genus Ziziphus >
          • Ziziphus jujuba
          • Ziziphus lotus
          • Ziziphus mauritiana
          • Ziziphus mistol
          • Ziziphus mucronata
          • Ziziphus nummularia
      • FAMILY ROSACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY AMYGDALOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Amygdaleae >
            • Genus Prunus >
              • Subgenus Amygdalus - Almond and Peach >
                • Prunus dulcis - Almond
                • Prunus persica - Peach
              • Subgenus Cerasus - Cherry tree >
                • Prunus avium (Sweet cherry)
                • Prunus cerasus (Sourc cherry)
              • Subgenus Prunus - Apricot and Plum >
                • Section Armeniaca - Apricot tree
                • Plum trees
              • Subgenus laurocerasus - Cherry laurel
              • Subgenus Lithocerasus
              • Subgenus Padus - Bird cherry
          • Tribe Maleae >
            • Subtribe Malinae >
              • Genus Cydonia >
                • Cydonia oblonga (Quince)
              • Genus Eriobotrya >
                • Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat)
              • Genus Malus >
                • Malus domestica (Apple)
                • Malus pumila (Apple tree)
              • Genus Pyrus >
                • Pyrus communis - European pear
                • Pyrus pyrifolia - Asian pear
                • Pyrus x bretschneideri - Chinese white pear
              • Genus Sorbus >
                • Sorbus subgenus Aria
                • Sorbus subgenus Chamaemespilus
                • Sorbus subgenus Cormus
                • Sorbus subgenus Micromeles
                • Sorbus subgenus Sorbus
                • Sorbus subgenus Torminaria
        • SUBFAMILY ROSOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Rubeae >
            • Genus Rubus >
              • Genus Prunus
              • Rubus fruticosus (Blackberry)
              • Rubus x loganobaccus (Loganberry)
            • Genus Eriobotrya
          • Tribe Potentilleae >
            • Genus Fragaria >
              • Fragaria x ananassa (Straw berry)
              • Fragaria virginiana (Virgina strawberry)
    • ORDER SAPINDALES >
      • FAMILY ANACARDIACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY ANACARDIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Anacardium >
            • Anacardium occidentale (Cashew tree)
            • Anacardium othonianum (Little cashew)
          • Genus Bouea
          • Genus Mangifera - Mango genus >
            • Mangifera indica - Mango tree
            • Mangifera odorata - Saipan Mango
            • Mangifera siamensis - Thai Mango
            • Mangifera sylvatica - Nepal Mango
          • Genus Rhus >
            • Rhus ovata - Sugar sumac
            • Rhus typhina - Staghorn sumac
        • SUBFAMILY SPONDIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Dracontomelon >
            • Dracontomelon duperreanum (Vietnamese: Sau)
          • Genus Spondias >
            • Spondias dulcis (Golden apple)
            • Spondias mombin (Yellow mommbin)
            • Spondias purpurea - Purple mombin
            • Spondias tuberosa (Brazil plum)
      • FAMILY BURSERACEAE >
        • Genus Canarium >
          • New Page
          • Canarium album
          • Canarium luzonicum
          • Canarium ovatum
          • Canarium pseudodecumanum
        • Genus Dacryodes
      • FAMILY MELIACEAE >
        • Genus Lansium >
          • Lansium parasiticum (Langsat tree)
        • Genus Sandoricum >
          • Sandoricum koetiape (Santol fruit)
      • FAMILY RUTACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY AURANTIOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Citreae >
            • Subtribe Balamocitrinae
            • Subtribe Citrinae >
              • Genus Citrus >
                • Important Species >
                  • Citrus maxima (Pomelo)
                  • Citrus medica (Citron)
                  • Citrus reticulata - Mandarin
                  • Citrus tangerina (Tangerine)
                • Important Hybrids >
                  • Citrus x sinensis (Sweet orange)
                  • Citrus reticula x sinensis (King orange)
              • Genus Fortunella
            • FAMILY VITACEAE >
              • Genus Cayratia >
                • Cayralia trifola (Vietnamese wild grape)
              • Genus Vitis >
                • Vitis labrusca (Fox grape vine)
                • Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine)
            • Subtribe Triphasiinae
          • Tribe Clauseneae >
            • Genus Glycosmis
        • SUBFAMILY RUTOIDEAE
        • SUBFAMILY TODDALIOIDEAE
      • FAMILY SAPINDACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY HIPPOCASTANOIDEAE >
          • Genus Aesculus - Horse chestnut genus >
            • Aesculus hippocastanum - Horse chestnut
        • SUBFAMILY SAPINDOIDEAE >
          • Genus Blighia >
            • Blighia sapida (Ackee)
          • Genus Diploglottis
          • Genus Dimocarpus >
            • Dimocarpus longan (Longan tree)
          • Genus Litchi >
            • Litchi chinensis (Lychee)
          • Genus Melicoccus
          • Genus Nephelium >
            • Nephelium hypoleucum (Korlan tree)
            • Nephelium malabile (Pulasan tree)
            • Nephelium lappaceum (Rambutan)
            • Nephelium xerospermoides (Hairless Rambutan)
          • Genus Paullinia >
            • Paullinia cupana
          • Genus Sapindus
          • Genus Talisia
    • ORDER SOLANALES >
      • FAMILY CONVOLVULACEAE >
        • Tribe Ipomoeeae >
          • Genus Ipomoea >
            • Ipomoea aquatica (Water spinach)
            • Ipomoea batatas (Sweet potato)
            • Ipomoea pandurata (Wild potato vine)
      • FAMILY SOLANACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY NICOTIANOIDEAE >
          • Genus Nicotiana >
            • Nicotiana rustica
            • Nicotiana tabacum
        • SUBFAMILY SOLANOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Capsiceae >
            • Genus Capsicum >
              • Capsicum annuum
              • Capsicum baccatum
              • Capsicum chinense
              • Capsicum frutescens
              • Capsicum pubescens
          • Tribe Lycieae >
            • Genus Lycium >
              • Lycium barbarum
              • Lycium chinense
          • Tribe Physaleae >
            • Genus Physalis >
              • Physalis angulata - Wild tomato
              • Physalis longifolia - Common groundcherry
              • Physalis peruviana - Peruvian groundcherry
              • Physalis philadelphica - Tomatillo
          • Tribe Solaneae >
            • Genus Jaltomata >
              • Jaltomata procumbens
            • Genus Solanum >
              • Solanum lycopersicum - Tomato
              • Solanum melongena - Eggplant
              • Solanum tuberosum - Potato
    • ORDER VITALES >
      • FAMILY VITACEAE >
        • Genus Cayratia >
          • Cayratia trifolia
        • Genus Vitis >
          • Vitis labrusca
          • Vitis rotundifolia
          • Vitis vinifera - Common grape
    • ORDER ZINGHIBERALES >
      • FAMILY MARANTACEAE
      • FAMILY MUSACEAE >
        • Genus Musa
  • ABOUT FRUITS
  • Types of Fruits
  • Fruit Anatomy

ORDER ARECALES

​FAMILY ARECACEAE
PALM FAMILY

Edited by Ho Dinh Hai
Long An - Vietnam
​Updated: 23/08/2016

1- Introduction to the Family Arecaceae - Palm family

              1.1- Overview
             The Arecaceae is a botanical family of perennial climbers, shrubs, acaules and trees commonly known as palm trees. (Owing to historical usage, the family is alternatively called Palmae.) They are flowering plants, a family in the monocotorder Arecales. Currently 181 genera with around 2600 species are known, most of them restricted to  tropical,  subtropical, and warm temperate climates. Most palms are distinguished by their large, compound, evergreen leaves arranged at the top of an unbranched stem. However, palms exhibit an enormous diversity in physical characteristics and inhabit nearly every type of habitat within their range, from rainforests to deserts.
          The Arecaceae are of great importance as a source of nuts, edible fruits, starchy foods, oils, fibre, thatch and woods and have been cultivated for thousands of years. A fine collection of Palms may be seen in the Palm House, Temperate House and elsewhere in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
             Palms are among the best known and most extensively cultivated plant families. They have been important to humans throughout much of history. Many common products and foods are derived from palms, and palms are also widely used in landscaping, making them one of the most economically important plants. In many historical cultures, palms were symbols for such ideas as victory, peace, and fertility. For inhabitants of cooler climates today, palms symbolize the tropics and vacations.
             Synonyms for family Arecaceae - Palm family:
            1- Acristaceae O. F. Cook
            2- Borassaceae Schultz Sch.
            3- Caryotaceae O. F. Cook, nom. nud.
            4- Ceroxylaceae Vines
            5- Chamaedoreaceae O. F. Cook
            6- Coryphaceae Schultz Sch.
            7- Geonomataceae O. F. Cook
            8- Iriarteaceae O. F. Cook & Doyle
            9- Lepidocaryaceae Mart.
           10- Malortieaceae O. F. Cook
           11- Manicariaceae O. F. Cook
           12- Nypaceae Brongn. ex Le Maout & Decne.
           13- Palmae Juss., nom. cons.
           14- Phoenicaceae Burnett
           15- Phytelephantaceae Mart. ex Perleb
           16- Pseudophoenicaceae O. F. Cook
           17- Sabalaceae Schultz Sch.
           18- Sagaceae Schultz Sch.
           19- Synechanthaceae O. F. Cook
              1.2- Evolution
          The Arecaceae are the first modern family of monocots appearing in the fossil record around 80 million years ago (Mya), during the late Cretaceous period. The first modern species, such as Nypa fruticans and Acrocomia aculeata, appeared 94 Mya, confirmed by fossil Nypa pollen dated to 94 Mya. Palms appear to have undergone an early period of adaptive radiation. By 60 Mya, many of the modern, specialized genera of palms appeared and became widespread and common, much more widespread than their range today. Because palms separated from the monocots earlier than other families, they developed more intrafamilial specialization and diversity. By tracing back these diverse characteristics of palms to the basic structures of monocots, palms may be valuable in studying monocot evolution. Several species of palms have been identified from flowers preserved in amber, including Palaeoraphe dominicana and Roystonea palaea. Evidence can also be found in samples of petrified palmwood.
               1.3- Subfamilies and Tribes
               The current classification organizes the family Arecaceae (palms) into five subfamilies.
               1- Arecoideae, 2- Calamoideae, 3- Ceroxyloideae, 4- Coryphoideae and 5- Nypoideae 
               1- Subfamily Arecoideae [ 6 tribes and 111 genera]
               1- Tribe Areceae [76 genera]
               2- Tribe Cocoseae [ 18 genera]
               3- Tribe Geonomeae [6 genera]
               4- Tribe Hyophorbeae [5 genera]
               5- Tribe Iriarteeae [5 genera]
               6- Tribe Podococceae [1 genus]
               2- Subfamily Calamoideae [ 2 Tribes and 21 Genera]
               1- Tribe Calameae - The Rattan palms [18 genera]
               2-Tribe Lepidocaryeae [3 genera]
               3- Subfamily Ceroxyloideae [3 Tribes and 8 Genera]
               1- Tribe Ceroxyleae [4 genera]
               2- Tribe Phytelephanteae [3 genera]
               3- Tribe Cyclospatheae [1 genus]
               4- Subfamily Coryphoideae [ 5 Tribes and 46 Genera]
               1- Tribe Borasseae [8 genera]
               2- Tribe Caryoteae [3 genera]
               3- Tribe Chuniophoeniceae (newer classification) [4 genera]
               4- Tribe Corypheae [30 genera]
               5- Tribe Phoeniceae [1 genus]
               5- Subfamily Nypoideae [0 Tribe and 1 genus]
               1- Nypa

2- Characteristics of the Family Arecaceae - Palm family

              2.1- Morphology
           Whether as shrubs, trees, or vines, palms have two methods of growth: solitary or clustered. The common representation is that of a solitary shoot ending in a crown of leaves. This monopodial character may be exhibited by prostrate, trunkless, and trunk-forming members. Some common palms restricted to solitary growth include Washingtonia  and Roystonea. Palms may instead grow in sparse though dense clusters. The trunk develops an axillary bud at a leaf node, usually near the base, from which a new shoot emerges. The new shoot, in turn, produces an axillary bud and a clustering habit results.
         Exclusively sympodial genera include many of the rattans, Guihaia, and Rhapis. Several palm genera have both solitary and clustering members. Palms which are usually solitary may grow in clusters, and vice versa. These aberrations suggest the habit operates on a single gene.
          Palms have large, evergreen leaves that are either palmately ('fan-leaved') or pinnately ('feather-leaved') compound and spirally arranged at the top of the stem. The leaves have a tubular sheath at the base that usually splits open on one side at maturity. The inflorescence is a spadix or spike surrounded by one or more bracts or spathes that become woody at maturity. The flowers are generally small and white, radially symmetric, and can be either uni- or bisexual. The sepals and petals usually number three each, and may be distinct or joined at the base. The stamens generally number six, with filaments that may be separate, attached to each other, or attached to the pistil at the base. The fruit is usually a single-seeded drupe (sometimes berry-like) but some genera (e.g. Salacca) may contain two or more seeds in each fruit.
       The Arecaceae are notable among monocots for their height and for the size of their seeds, leaves, and inflorescences. Ceroxylon quindiuense, Colombia's national tree, is the tallest monocot in the world, reaching up to 60 m tall. The coco de mer (Lodoicea maldivica) has the largest seeds of any plant, 40-50 cm in diameter and weighing 15-30 kg each. Raffia palms (Raphia spp.) have the largest leaves of any plant, up to 25 m long and 3 m wide. The Corypha species have the largest inflorescence of any plant, up to 7.5 m tall and containing millions of small flowers. Calamus stems can reach 200 m in length.
              2.2- Range and habitat
            Most palms grow in the tropics and subtropics. They are abundant throughout the tropics and subtropics, and thrive in almost every habitat they are in. Their diversity is highest in wet, lowland forests, especially in ecological "hotspots" such as Madagascar, which has more endemic palms than all of Africa. Colombia may have the highest number of palm species in one country. Palms are most commonly seen throughout Africa, South America, the Arabian peninsula, South and Southeast Asia, northern Australia, the islands of tropical and subtropical parts of the Pacific Ocean, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the U.S sunbelt including California, Florida, and Hawaii.
            Only about 130 palm species naturally grow entirely beyond the tropics, mostly in the subtropical highlands and warm temperate lowlands. The northernmost native palm is Chamaerops humilis, which reaches 44°N latitude in southernFrance. The southernmost palm is the Rhopalostylis sapida, which reaches 44°S on the Chatham Islands where anoceanic climate prevails. Some palms, such as the Trachycarpus fortunei, grow well under cultivation in temperate climates, some at 50°N or even farther north in oceanic climates (Ireland,  Scotland,  England, Long Island and the Pacific Northwest, from  Oregon to Vancouver).
          Palms inhabit a variety of ecosystems. More than two-thirds of palm species live in humid moist forests, where some species grow tall enough to form part of the canopy and shorter ones form part of the understory. Some species form pure stands in areas with poor drainage or regular flooding, including Raphia hookeri which is common in coastal freshwater swamps in West Africa. Other palms live in tropical mountain habitats above 1000 m, such as those in the genus Ceroxylon native to the Andes. Palms may also live in grasslands and scrublands, usually associated with a water source, and in desert oases such as the date palm. A few palms are adapted to extremely basic lime soils, while others are similarly adapted to extreme potassium deficiency and toxicity of heavy metals in serpentine soils.
e'>Calamus stems can reach 200 m in length.

3- The Uses of Palms

              3.1- Introduction
            Human use of palms is as old or older than human civilization itself, starting with the cultivation of the date palm by Mesopotamians and other Middle Eastern peoples 5000 years or more ago. Date wood, pits for storing dates, and other remains of the date palm have been found in Mesopotamian sites. The date palm had a tremendous effect on the history of the Middle East. W.H. Barreveld wrote:
             "One could go as far as to say that, had the date palm not existed, the expansion of the human race into the hot and barren parts of the "old" world would have been much more restricted. The date palm not only provided a concentrated energy food, which could be easily stored and carried along on long journeys across the deserts, it also created a more amenable habitat for the people to live in by providing shade and protection from the desert winds (Fig. 1). In addition, the date palm also yielded a variety of products for use in agricultural production and for domestic utensils, and practically all parts of the palm had a useful purpose."
             An indication of the importance of palms in ancient times is that they are mentioned more than 30 times in the Bible, and at least 22 times in the Quran.
            Arecaceae have great economic importance, including coconut products, oils, dates, palm syrup, ivory nuts, carnauba wax, rattan cane, raffia, and palm wood.
              Along with dates mentioned above, members of the palm family with human uses are numerous.
               3.2- The Uses of Palms
              + Food Uses
               - Coconut is the partially edible seed of the fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera).
             - The type member of Arecaceae is the areca palm, the fruit of which, the areca nut, is chewed with the betel leaf for intoxicating effects (Areca catechu).
               - Carnuba wax is harvested from the leaves of a Brazilian palm (Copernicia).
          - Some indigenous groups living in palm-rich areas use palms to make many of their necessary items and food. Sago, for example, a starch made from the pith of the trunk of the sago palm Metroxylon sagu, is a major staple food for lowland peoples of New Guinea and the Moluccas. This is not the same plant commonly used as a house plant and called "sago palm".
               - Several species are harvested for heart of palm, a vegetable eaten in salads.
               - Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil produced by the oil palms in the genus Elaeis.
               - Palmyra and date palm sap is harvested in Bengal, India, to process into  gur  and jaggery.
               - Sap of the nipa palm Nypa is used to make vinegar.
         - Palm sap is sometimes fermented to produce palm wine or toddy, an alcoholic beverage common in parts of Africa, India, and the Philippines. It is also drunk, fresh, as neera, and is a refreshing drink that is consumed until sundown, after which it starts to ferment.
               - Palm wine is made from Jubaea also called Chilean wine palm, or coquito palm.
               - Recently, the fruit of the açaí palm Euterpe has been used for its reputed health benefits.
              + Medicinal Uses
              - Dragon's blood, a red resin used traditionally in medicine, varnish, and dyes, may be obtained from the fruit of Daemonorops species.
               - Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is under investigation as a drug for treating enlarged prostates.
              + Furniture Uses
            - Coir is a coarse, water-resistant fiber extracted from the outer shell of coconuts, used in doormats, brushes, mattresses, and ropes. In India, beekeepers use coir in their bee smokers.
            - Palm leaves are also valuable to some peoples as a material for thatching, basketry, clothing, and in religious ceremonies (see "Palm branch (symbol)").
              - Rattans, whose stems are used extensively in furniture and baskets, are in the genus Calamus.
             + Ornamental uses
             Today, palms are valuable as ornamental plants and are often grown along streets in tropical and subtropical cities. Farther north, palms are a common feature in botanical gardens or as indoor plants. Few palms tolerate severe cold, however, and the majority of the species are tropical or subtropical. The three most cold-tolerant species  are Trachycarpus fortunei, native to eastern Asia, and Rhapidophyllum hystrix  and  Sabal minor, both native to the southeastern United States.
            The southeastern U.S. state of South Carolina is nicknamed the Palmetto State after the sabal palmetto (cabbage palmetto), logs from which were used to build the fort at Fort Moultrie. During the American Revolutionary War, they were invaluable to those defending the fort, because their spongy wood absorbed or deflected the British cannonballs. The sabal palmetto is also the state tree of Florida. Some palms can be grown as far north as the United States' Mid-Atlantic, such as the National Arboretum in Washington, DC, southern Midwest, and even north along the Pacific coast to Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, where ocean winds have a warming effect. Species of transplanted palms have even been known to have survived as far north as Devon. The Chinese Trachycarpus fortunei is being grown experimentally on the Faroe Islands at 62°N, with young plants doing well so far.
               Source: Arecaceae - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

4- Taxonomy of the Family Arecaceae - Palm family

             4.1- Traditional taxonomy
            Palms are a monophyletic group of plants, meaning the group consists of a common ancestor and all its descendants. Extensive taxonomic research on palms began with botanist H.E. Moore, who organized palms into 15 major groups based mostly on general morphological characteristics.
            The following classification, proposed by N.W. Uhl and J. Dransfield in 1987, is a revision of Moore's classification that organizes palms into six subfamilies.
            1- Arecoideae
            2- Calamoideae
            3- Ceroxyloideae
            4- Coryphoideae
            5- Nypoideae 
            6- Phytelephantoideae
            A few general traits of each subfamily are listed below.
         1- The Subfamily Arecoideae are the largest subfamily, with six diverse tribes (Areceae, Caryoteae, Cocoeae, Geonomeae, Iriarteeae, and Podococceae) containing over 100 genera. All tribes have pinnate or bipinnate leaves and flowers arranged in groups of three, with a central pistillate and two staminate flowers.
      2- The Subfamily Calamoideae includes the climbing palms, such as rattans. The leaves are usually pinnate; derived characters (synapomorphies) include spines on various organs, organs specialized for climbing, an extension of the main stem of the leaf-bearing reflexed spines, and overlapping scales covering the fruit and ovary.
            3- The Subfamily Ceroxyloideae has small to medium-sized flowers, spirally arranged, with a gynoecium of three joined carpels.
           4- The Subfamily Coryphoideae are the most diverse subfamily, and are a  paraphyletic  group, meaning all members of the group share a common ancestor, but the group does not include all the ancestor's descendants. Most palms in this subfamily have palmately lobed leaves and solitary flowers with three, or sometimes four carpels. The fruit normally develops from only one carpel.
            5- The Subfamily Nypoideae contains only one species, Nypa fruticans, which has large, pinnate leaves. The fruit is unusual in that it floats, and the stem is dichotomously branched, also unusual in palms.
            6- The Subfamily Phytelephantoideae are a monoecious subfamily. Members of this group have distinct monopodial flower clusters. Other distinct features include a gynoecium with five to 10 joined carpels, and flowers with more than three parts per whorl. Fruits are multiple-seeded and have multiple parts.
             4.2- Current Taxonomy
             + Introduction
             Currently, few extensive phylogenetic studies of the Arecaceae exist. In 1997, Baker et al. explored subfamily and tribe relationships using chloroplast DNA from 60 genera from all subfamilies and tribes. The results strongly showed the Calamoideae are monophyletic, and Ceroxyloideae and Coryphoideae are paraphyletic. The relationships of Arecoideae are uncertain, but they are possibly related to the Ceroxyloideae and Phytelephantoideae. Studies have suggested the lack of a fully resolved hypothesis for the relationships within the family is due to a variety of factors, including difficulties in selecting appropriate outgroups,  homoplasy in morphological character states, slow rates of molecular evolution important for the use of standard DNA markers, and character polarization. However, hybridization has been observed among Orbignya and Phoenix species, and using chloroplast DNA in cladistic studies may produce inaccurate results due to maternal inheritance of the chloroplast DNA. Chemical and molecular data from non-organelle DNA, for example, could be more effective for studying palm phylogeny.
              + Subfamilies and Tribes
              The current classification organizes the family Arecaceae (palms) into five subfamilies.
              1- Arecoideae
              2- Calamoideae
              3- Ceroxyloideae
              4- Coryphoideae
              5- Nypoideae 
              This is a list of all the genera in the botanical family Arecaceae, the palm tree family, arranged by tribes within the family.
              I- Subfamily Arecoideae [ 6 tribes and 111 genera]
              + Genera:

              1-Tribe Areceae [76 genera]
             1- Acanthophoenix
             2- Actinokentia
             3- Actinorhytis
             4- Adonidia
             5- Alloschmidia
             6- Alsmithia
             7- Archontophoenix
             8- Areca - Betel nut palm
             9- Balaka
            10- Basselinia
            11- Bentinckia
            12- Brassiophoenix
            13- Brongniartikentia
            14- Burretiokentia
            15- Calyptrocalyx
            16- Campecarpus
            17- Carpentaria
            18- Carpoxylon
            19- Chambeyronia
            20- Clinosperma
            21- Clinostigma
            22- Cyphokentia
            23- Cyphophoenix
            24- Cyphosperma
            25- Cyrtostachys
            26- Deckenia
27- Dictyosperma
28- Dransfieldia
29- Drymophloeus
30- Dypsis
31- Euterpe
32- Hedyscepe
33- Heterospathe
34- Howea - Kentia palm
35- Hydriastele
36- Hyospathe
37- Iguanura
38- Kentiopsis
39- Laccospadix
40- Lemurophoenix
41- Leopoldinia
42- Lepidorrhachis
43- Linospadix
44- Loxococcus
45- Manicaria
46- Marojejya
47- Masoala
48- Nenga
49- Neonicholsonia
50- Neoveitchia
51- Nephrosperma
52- Normanbya
53- Oenocarpus
54- Oncosperma
55- Orania
56- Pelagodoxa
57- Phoenicophorium
58- Physokentia
59- Pinanga
60- Ponapea
61-Prestoea (syn. Martinezia)
62- Ptychococcus
63- Ptychosperma
64- Reinhardtia
65- Rhopaloblaste
66- Rhopalostylis
67- Roscheria
68- Roystonea - Royal palm
69- Satakentia
70- Sclerosperma
71- Solfia
72- Sommieria
73- Tectiphiala
74- Veitchia
75- Verschaffeltia
76- Wodyetia
-
​-

              + Genera that have important edible fruits:
              1- Adonidia
              2- Areca - Betel nut palm
              3- Heterospathe
              4- Oenocarpus
              5- Ptychococcus
              6- Wodyetia
              Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
             2-Tribe Cocoseae [18 genera]
​            + Genera:

            1- Acrocomia
            2- Aiphanes
            3- Allagoptera (incl. Diplothemium)
            4- Astrocaryum
            5- Attalea
            6- Bactris
            7- Barcella
            8- Beccariophoenix
            9- Butia - Pindo or Jelly Palm
10- Cocos - Coconut
11- Desmoncus
12- Elaeis - Oil palm
13- Jubaea - Chilean wine palm
14- Jubaeopsis
15- Lytocaryum
16- Parajubaea
17- Syagrus
18- Voanioala
             + Genera that have important edible fruits:
             1- Attalea
             2- Bactris
             3- Cocos - Coconut
             4- Elaeis - Oil palm
             Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
             3- Tribe Geonomeae [6 genera]
             + Genera:

             1- Asterogyne
             2- Calyptrogyne
             3- Calyptronoma
             4- Geonoma
             5- Pholidostachys
             6- Welfia
​
             
+ Genera that have important edible fruits:
             The Tribe Geonomeae don't include the genus that has important edible fruits.
             Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
             4- Tribe Hyophorbeae [5 genera]
​             + Genera:

             1- Chamaedorea
             2- Gaussia
             3- Hyophorbe
             4- Synechanthus
             5- Wendlandiella
             + Genera that have important edible fruits:
              The Tribe Hyophorbeae don't include the genus that has important edible fruits.
              Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
             5-Tribe Iriarteeae [5 genera]
             + Genera:

             1- Dictyocaryum
             2- Iriartea
             3- Iriartella
             4- Socratea
             5- Wettinia
             + Genera that have important edible fruits:
             1- Dictyocaryum
             Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
             6- Tribe Podococceae [1 genus]
             + Genus:

             1- Podococcus
             + Genus that has important edible fruits:
              The Tribe Podococceae don't include the genus that has important edible fruits.
              Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
             II- Subfamily Calamoideae [ 2 Tribes and 21 Genera]
             1- Tribe Calameae - The Rattan palms [18 genera]
​             + Genera:
             1- Calamus
             2- Ceratolobus
             3- Daemonorops
             4- Eleiodoxa
             5- Eremospatha
             6- Eugeissona
             7- Korthalsia
             8- Laccosperma
             9- Metroxylon
10- Myrialepis
11- Oncocalamus
12- Pigafetta
13- Plectocomia
14- Plectocomiopsis
15- Pogonotium
16- Raphia - Raffia palm
17- Retispatha
18- Salacca
             + Genera that have important edible fruits:
             1- Salacca
             Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
             2-Tribe Lepidocaryeae [3 genera]
             + Genera:

             1- Lepidocaryum
             2- Mauritia
             3- Mauritiella
             + Genera that have important edible fruits:
             The Tribe Lepidocaryeae don't include the genus that has important edible fruits.
             Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
             III- Subfamily Ceroxyloideae [3 Tribes and 8 Genera]
             1- Tribe Ceroxyleae [4 genera]
             + Genera:

             1- Ceroxylon
             2- Juania
             3- Oraniopsis
             4- Ravenea
             + Genera that have important edible fruits:
             The Tribe Ceroxyloideae don't include the genus that has important edible fruits.
             Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
             2- Tribe Phytelephanteae [3 genera]
             + Genera:

             1- Ammandra
             2- Aphandra
             3- Phytelephas
             + Genera that have important edible fruits:
             1- Phytelephas
             3-Tribe Cyclospatheae [1 genus]
​              + Genus:

             1- Pseudophoenix
             + Genus that has important edible fruits:
              The Tribe Cyclospatheae don't include the genus that has important edible fruits.
               Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
              IV- Subfamily Coryphoideae [ 5 Tribes and 46 Genera]
              1- Tribe Borasseae [8 genera]
              + Genera:

              1- Bismarckia
              2- Borassodendron
              3- Borassus
              4- Hyphaene (including the doum palm)
              5- Latania
              6- Lodoicea
              7- Medemia
              8- Satranala
              + Genera that have important edible fruits:
              1- Borassus
              2- Lodoicea
              Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
              2-Tribe Caryoteae [3 genera]
​              + Genera:

              1- Arenga
              2- Caryota
              3- Wallichia
              + Genera that have important edible fruits:
              The Tribe Caryoteae don't include the genus that has important edible fruits.
              Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
              3-Tribe Chuniophoeniceae (newer classification) [4 genera]
              + Genera:

              1- Chuniophoenix
              2- Kerriodoxa
              3- Nannorrhops
              4- Tahina
              + Genera that have important edible fruits:
               The Tribe Chunniophoeniceae don't include the genus that has important edible fruits.
               Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
               4- Tribe Corypheae [30 genera]
​               + Genera:

              1- Acoelorrhaphe
              2- Brahea
              3- Chamaerops
              4- Chelyocarpus
              5- Coccothrinax
              6- Colpothrinax
              7- Copernicia - Carnauba wax palm
              8- Corypha
              9- Cryosophila
             10- Guihaia
             11- Hemithrinax
             12- Itaya
             13- Johannesteijsmannia
             14- Leucothrinax
             15- Licuala
16- Livistona
17- Maxburretia
18- Pholidocarpus
19- Pritchardia
20- Rhapidophyllum - Needle Palm
21- Rhapis
22- Sabal - Palmetto
23- Saribus
24- Schippia
25- Serenoa - Saw Palmetto
26- Thrinax
27- Trachycarpus
28- Trithrinax
29- Washingtonia
30- Zombi
             + Genera that have edible fruits:
             1- Washingtonia
              Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
              5- Tribe Phoeniceae [1 genus]
              + Genus:

              1- Phoenix - Date palms
              + Genus that has edible fruits:
              1- Phoenix - Date palms
              Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
              V- Subfamily Nypoideae [0 Tribe and 1 genus]
              + Genus:

              1- Nypa
              + Genus that has edible fruits:
              1- Nypa
              Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
              4.3- Selected genera
               See list of Arecaceae genera arranged by taxonomic groups or by alphabetical order for a complete listing of genera.
               1- Archontophoenix-Bangalow palm
               2- Areca-Betel palm
               3- Bactris - Pupunha
               4- Beccariophoenix - Beccariophoenix alfredii
               5- Bismarckia - Bismarck palm
               6- Borassus - Palmyra palm, sugar palm, toddy palm
               7- Calamus - Rattan palm
               8- Cocos - Coconut
               9- Copernicia - Carnauba wax palm
               10- Corypha - Gebang palm, Buri palm or Talipot palm
               11- Elaeis - Oil palm
               12- Euterpe - Cabbage heart palm, açaí palm
               13- Hyphaene -Doum palm
               14- Jubaea - Chilean wine palm, Coquito palm
               15- Latania - Latan palm
               16- Livistona - Cabbage palm
               17- Mauritia - Moriche palm
               18- Metroxylon - Sago palm
               19- Nypa - Nipa palm
               20- Parajubaea - Bolivian coconut palms
               21- Phoenix - Date palm
               22- Phoenix sylvestris - Wild date palm
               23- Raphia - Raffia palm
               24- Roystonea - Royal palm
               25- Sabal - Palmettos
               26- Salacca - Salak
               27- Syagrus - Queen palm
               28- Trachycarpus - Windmill palm, Kumaon palm
               29- Veitchia - Manila palm, Joannis palm
               30- Washingtonia - Fan palm
             4.4- Other plants commonly called palms, though they are not true palms
             Some species commonly called palms, though they are not true palms, include:
            1- Cordyline australis (Torbay palm, Ti palm, Palm lily) (family Asparagaceae) and other representatives in the genus Cordyline and perhaps also in Dracaena with which Cordyline may be confused.
             2- Cycas revoluta (Sago palm) and the rest of the order Cycadales
             3- Ravenala (Traveller's palm) (family Strelitziaceae)
             4- Pandanus spiralis, Screw palm., and perhaps other Pandanus spp.
             5- Cyathea cunninghamii (Palm Fern) and other Tree ferns  (families  Cyatheaceae  and  Dicksoniaceae) that may be confused with palms.
             6- Setaria palmifolia (Palm grass), a Poaceae.
             7- Carludovica palmata (Panama Hat Palm) and perhaps other members in the family Cyclanthaceae.
                 4.5- Subfamilies , Tribes and Genera that have edible fruits
                  I- Subfamily Arecoideae
                  1- Tribe Areceae
                  + Genera that have important edible fruits:
                 1- Adonidia
                 2- Areca - Betel nut palm
                 3- Heterospathe
                 4- Oenocarpus
                 5- Ptychococcus
                 6- Wodyetia
                  2-Tribe Cocoseae
                  + Genera that have important edible fruits:
                 1- Attalea
                 2- Bactris
                 3- Cocos - Coconut
                 4- Elaeis - Oil palm
                  II- Subfamily Calamoideae
                  1- Tribe Calameae - The Rattan palms
                  + Genera that have important edible fruits:
                 1- Salacca
                  III- Subfamily Ceroxyloideae
                  
1- Tribe Phytelephanteae
                  + Genera that have important edible fruits:
                 1- Phytelephas
                  IV- Subfamily Coryphoideae
                  1- Tribe Borasseae]
                  + Genera that have important edible fruits:
                 1- Borassus
                 2- Lodoicea
                  2- Tribe Corypheae
                  + Genera that have edible fruits:
                 1- Washingtonia
                  5- Tribe Phoeniceae
                 + Genus that has edible fruits:
                 1- Phoenix - Date palms
                  V- Subfamily Nypoideae
                 + Genus:
                 1- Nypa
                  + Genus that has edible fruits:
                 1- Nypa
                  Source: List of Arecaceae genera - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
                  Source: Arecales and Arecaceae - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
                                                                                                                                                                      Edited by Ho Dinh Hai
                                                                                                                                                                           Long An - Vietnam
                                                                                        References
             1- http://www.worldwidefruits.com/
             2- http://www.worldwidefruits.com/orders-of-plants.html
             3- http://www.worldwidefruits.com/order-arecales.html
             4- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecales
             5- http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/arecalesweb.htm
             6- https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Arecales
             7- http://www.worldwidefruits.com/family-arecaceae.html
             8- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae
 See Video about: Aracaceae
See Video about: Coconut Cultivation
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