THE WORLDWIDE FRUITS
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    • ORDER ARECALES >
      • FAMILY ARECACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY ARECOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Areceae >
            • Subtribe Arecinae >
              • Genus Areca >
                • Areca catechu - Petel nut palm
                • For Copy
            • Subtribe Euterpeinae >
              • Genus Euterpe >
                • Euterpe oleracea
                • Euterpe precatoria
            • Subtribe Iquanurinae
            • Subtribe Ptychospermatinae
            • Subtribe Roystoneinae
          • Tribe Caryoteae >
            • Genus Arenga >
              • Arenga pinnata - Sugar palm
          • Tribe Cocoeae >
            • Genus Cocos >
              • Cocos nucifera (Coconut palm)
            • Genus Elaeis >
              • Elaeis quineensis - Oil palm tree
        • SUBFAMILY CALAMOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Calameae >
            • Genus Salacca >
              • Salacca wallichiana - Rakum palm
              • Salacca zalacca - Salak
        • SUBFAMILY CEROXYLOIDEAE >
          • Genus Phytelephas >
            • Phytelephas aequatorialis
            • Phytelephas macrocarpa
        • SUBFAMILY CORYPHOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Borasseae >
            • Genus Borassus >
              • Borassus flabellifer (Toddy palm)
            • Genus Lodoicea >
              • Lodoicea maldivica (Double coconut)
          • Tribe Phoeniceae >
            • Genus Phoenix >
              • Phoenix dactylifera (Date palm)
              • Phoenix reclinata (Senrgal date palm)
              • Phoenix sylvestris (Indian date palm)
        • SUBFAMILY NYPOIDEAE >
          • Genus Nypa >
            • Nypa fruticans (Nipa palm)
    • ORDER BRASSICALES >
      • FAMILY CAPPARACEAE >
        • Genus Capparis >
          • Capparis spinosa - Caper berry
        • Genus Crateva >
          • Crateva adansonii
          • Crateva religiosa - Garlic pear
      • FAMILY CARICACEAE >
        • Genus Carica >
          • Carica papaya - Papaya
        • Genus Jacaratia
        • Genus Vasconcellea >
          • Vasconcellea candicans - Mito tree
          • Vasconcellea goudotiana
          • Vasconcellea monoica
          • Vasconcellea pubescens - Mountain papaya
          • Vasconcellea querciflora
          • Vasconcellea x heilbornii - Babaco tree
    • ORDER CARYPHYLLALES >
      • FAMILY CACTACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY CACTOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Cacteae
          • Tribe Cereeae >
            • Genus Cereus >
              • Cereus hildmannianus
              • Cereus jamacaru
              • Cereus repandus
          • Tribe Helocereeae >
            • Genus Hylocereus >
              • Hylocereus costaricensis (Red-fleshed Pitahaya)
              • Hylocereus indatus (Pitahaya or Dragon fruit)
              • Hylocereus megalanthus (Yellow pitahaya)
        • SUBFAMILY OPUNTIEAE >
          • Tribe Opuntieae >
            • Genus Opuntia >
              • Opuntia ficus-indica (Prickly pear)
              • Opuntia matudae (Xoconostle cactus)
        • SUBFAMILY PERESKIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Pereskia >
            • Pereskia aculeata
            • Pereskia bleo - Rose cactus
    • ORDER CUCURBITALES >
      • FAMILY CUCURBITACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY CUCURBITOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Benincaseae >
            • Subtribe Benincasinae >
              • Genus Acanthosicyos >
                • Acanthosicyos horridus - Nara melon
                • Acathosicyos naudinianus - Gemsbok cucumber
              • Genus Benincasa >
                • Benincasa hispida - Winter melon
              • Genus Coccinia >
                • Coccinia grandis - Ivy gourd
              • Genus Cucumis >
                • Cucumis anguria - Maroon cucumber
                • Cucumis dipsaceus - Wild Spiny Cucumber
                • Cucumis melo - Muskmelon >
                  • Cantaloupe
                • Cucumis humofructus - Aadvark cucumber
                • Cucumis metuliferus - Horned melon
                • Cucumis myriocarpus - Gooseberry cucumber
                • Cucumis prophetarum - Paddy melon
                • Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) >
                  • Lemon Cucumber
              • Genus Citrullus >
                • Citrullus caffer - Citron melon
                • Citrullus colocynthis - Desert gourd
                • Citrullus ecirrhosus - Tsamma melon
                • Citrullus lanatus - Watermelon
              • Genus Lagenaria >
                • Lagennaria siceraria - Bottle gourd
            • Subtribe Luffinae >
              • Subtribe Cucumerinae
          • Tribe Cucurbiteae >
            • Genus Abobra >
              • Abobra tenuifolia - Cranberry gourd
            • Genus Cucurbita >
              • Cucurbita argyrosperma - Cushaw pumpkin
              • Cucurbita ficifolia - Figleaf gourd
              • Cucurbita foetidissima - Buffalo gourd
              • Cucurbita maxima - Giant pumpkin
              • Cucurbita moschata - Butternut squash
              • Cucurbita okeechobeensis
              • Cucurbita pepo - Field pumpkin
            • Genus Sicana >
              • New Page
              • Acorn Squash
          • Tribe Joliffieae >
            • Genus Siraitia >
              • Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo han guo or Monk fruit)
            • Genus Telfairia
          • Tribe Momordiceae >
            • Genus Momordica >
              • Momordica charantia - Bitter melon
              • Momordica cochinchinensis - Gac
              • Momordica dioica - Spine Gourd
          • Tribe Sicyoeae >
            • Genus Cyclanthera >
              • Cyclanthera explodens
              • Cyclanthera pedata - Achocha gourd
            • Genus Frantzia
            • Genus Hodgsonia
            • Genus Luffa >
              • Luffa accutangula (Angled luffa)
              • Luffa Aegyptiaca (Smooth luffa)
            • Genus Marah
            • Genus Sechium - Chayota genus >
              • Sechium edule - Chayote
            • Genus Trichosanthes >
              • Trichosanthes cucumerina - Snake gourd
          • Tribe Siraitieae >
            • Genus Siraitia >
              • Siraitia grosvenorii - Monk fruit
    • ORDER ERICALES >
      • FAMILY ACTINIDIACEAE >
        • Genus Actinidia >
          • Actinidia arguta - Hardy kiwifruit
          • Actinidia chinensis - Golden kiwi)fruit
          • Actinidia diliciosa - Kiwi fruit
          • Actinidia kolomikta - Arctic kiwifruit
          • Actinidia melanandra - Red kiwifruit
          • Actinidia polygama - Silver vine
      • FAMILY EBENACEAE >
        • Genus Diospyros >
          • Diospyros blancoi - Velvet persimmon
          • Diospyros decandra - Gold apple
          • Diospyros kaki - Asian Persimmon
          • Diospyros lotus - Lilac persimmon
          • Diospyros nigra - Black sapote
          • Diospyros taxana - Texas persimmon
          • Diospyros virginiana (American Persimmon)
      • FAMILY ERICACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY ARBUTOIDEAE >
          • Genus Arbutus >
            • Arbutus andrachne - Greek strawberry tree
            • Arbutus azizonica
            • Arbutus unedo - Strawberry tree
            • Arbutus xalapensis
          • Genus Artostaphylos
          • Genus Xylococcus >
            • Xylococcus bicolor - Mission mananita
        • SUBFAMILY STYPHELIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Leptecophylla >
            • Leptecophylla juniperina
            • Leptecophylla tameiameiae
          • Genus Styphelia
        • SUBFAMILY VACCINOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Gaultherieae >
            • Genus Gaultheria
          • Tribe Vaccinieae >
            • Genus Gaylussacia >
              • Gaylussacia baccata - Black Huckleberry
              • Gaylussacia branchycera (Box Huckleberry)
              • Gaylussacia dumosa (Dwarf Huckleberry)
              • Gaylussacia frondosa (Blue Huckleberry)
            • Genus Vaccinium >
              • Bilberry or Whortleberry
              • Blueberry
              • Cranberry
              • Lingonberry or Cowberry
              • Huckleberry
      • FAMILY LECYTHIDACEAE >
        • Genus Bertholletia >
          • Bertholletia excelsa - Brazil nut
        • Genus Couroupita >
          • Couroupita guianensis - Cannonball tree
        • Genus Gustavia >
          • Gustavia superba
        • Genus Lecythis >
          • Lecythis pisonic
          • Lecythis zabucajo
      • FAMILY SAPOTACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY CHRYSOPHYLLOIDEAE >
          • Genus Chrysophyllum >
            • Chrysophyllum albidum - African star apple
            • Chrysophyllum cainito - Milk fruit
            • Chrysophyllum oliviforme - Wild Star apple
            • Chrysophyllum roxburghii
            • Chrysophyllum magalismontanum
          • Genus Englerophytum >
            • Englerrophytum magalismontanum
            • Englerophytum natalense
          • Genus Synsepalum >
            • Synsepalum dulcificum (Miracle fruit)
          • Genus Pouteria >
            • Pouteria australis
            • Pouteria campechiana - Cannistel
            • Pouteria caimito - Abiu tree
            • Pouteria eerwark
            • Pouteria lucuma - Lucuma
            • Pouteria multiflora - Broad - leaved lucuma
            • Pouteria sandwicensis
            • Pouteria sapota - Mamey sapote
            • Pouteria viridis - Green sapote
        • SUBFAMILY SAPODOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Sapoteae >
            • Genus Manilkara >
              • Manilkara bidentata - Cow tree
              • Manilkara chicle (Chicle)
              • Manilkara hexandra
              • Manilkara huberi
              • Manilkara zopota (Sapodilla)
            • Genus Mimusops >
              • Mimusops caffra
              • Mimusops elengi
              • Mimusops zeyheri
          • Tribe Sideroxyleae >
            • Genus Argania >
              • Argania spinosa
    • ORDER FABALES >
      • FAMILY FABACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY CAESALPINIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Pithecellobium >
            • Pithecellobium dulce
        • SUBFAMILY DETARIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Tamarindus - Tamarind genus >
            • Tamarindus indica - Tamarind
        • SUBFAMILY DIALIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Dialium >
            • Dialium cochinchinense
            • Dialium guineense - Black velvet tamarind
            • Dialium indum - Tamarin plum
        • SUBFAMILY FABOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Dalbergieae >
            • Genus Arachis - Peanut genus >
              • Arachis hypogaea - Peanut
          • Tribe Fabeae >
            • Genus Lathyrus - Peavine genus
            • Genus Pisum >
              • Pisum sativum - Pea
            • Genus Vicia >
              • Vicia faba - Broad bean
          • Tribe Phaseoleae >
            • Subtribe Cajaninae >
              • Genus Cajanus - Pigeon pea genus >
                • Cajanus cajan - Pigeon pea
            • Subtribe Glycininae >
              • Genus Glycine >
                • Glycine max
            • Subtribe Phaseolinae >
              • Genus Psophocarpus - Winged bean genus >
                • Psophocarpus tetragonolobus - Winged bean
    • ORDER LAMIALES >
      • FAMILY OLEACEAE >
        • Tribe Oleeae >
          • Genus Olea >
            • Olea europaea - Olive
      • FAMILY PEDALIACEAE >
        • Genus Sesamum >
          • Sesamum indicum - Sesame
          • Genus Couroupita
    • ORDER LAURALES >
      • FAMILY LAURACEAE >
        • Genus Persea >
          • Persea americana (Avocado)
    • ORDER MAGNOLIALES >
      • FAMILY ANNONACEAE >
        • Genus Annona >
          • Annona x atemoya - Atenmoya
          • Annona cherimola - Cherimoya
          • Annona chrysophylia - Graines
          • Annona crassiflora - Marrolo
          • Annona diversiflora - Ilama
          • Annona glabra - Pond apple
          • Annona montana - Mountain soursop
          • Annona muricata - Soursop
          • Annona purpurea - Soncoya
          • Annona reticulata - Custard apple
          • Annona sebegalensis - African custard apple
          • Annona squamosa - Sweetsop
        • Genus Anonidium >
          • Anonidium mannii - Junglesop
        • Genus Asimina >
          • Asimina triloba - Common pawpaw
        • Genus Monodora >
          • Monodora myristica - Calabash nutmeg
        • Genus Rollinia >
          • Rollinia deliciosa - Wild sugar apple
        • Genus Uvaria >
          • Uvaria chamae
          • Uvaria ovata
          • Uvaria rufa
      • FAMILY MYRRISTICACEAE >
        • Genus Myristica >
          • Myristica fragrans - True nutmeg
          • Myristica malabarica - Bombay nutmeg
        • Genus Pycnanthus
    • ORDER MALPIGHIALES >
      • FAMILY CALOPHYLLACEAE >
        • Genus Mammea >
          • Mammea africana - African mamey apple
          • Mammea americana - Mamey apple
      • FAMILY CLUSIACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY CLUSIOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Garcinieae >
            • Genus Garcinia >
              • Garcinia dulcis - Mundu tree
              • Garcinia humilis - Achacha tree
              • Garcinia gardneriana - Bacupari
              • Garcinia indica - Kokum tree
              • Garcinia intermedia - Lemon drop mangosteen
              • Garcinia mangostana - Mangosteen
          • Tribe Platonieae >
            • Genus Platonia - Bacury genus >
              • Platonia insignis - Bacuri tree
          • Tribe Plukenetieae
        • SUBFAMILY HYPERICOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Calophylleae >
            • Genus Mammea
      • FAMILY EUPHORBIACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY ACALYPHOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Acalypheae >
            • Genus Ricinus >
              • Ricinus communis
          • Tribe Plukenetieae >
            • Genus Plukenetia >
              • Plukenetia conophora
              • Plukenetia volubitis
        • SUBFAMILY CROTONOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Aleuritideae >
            • Genus Aleurites
          • Tribe Manitroteae >
            • Genus Manihot
          • Tribe Micrandreae >
            • Genus Schinziophyton
      • FAMILY MALPIGHIACEAE >
        • Genus Bunchosia >
          • Bunchosia argentea
          • Bunchosia armeniaca >
            • FAMILY GOMORTEGACEAE >
              • Genus Gomortega >
                • Gomortega keule
        • Genus Byrsonima >
          • Byrsonima crassifolia - Nance fruit
        • Genus Malpighia >
          • Malpighia emarginata (West Indian cherry)
      • FAMILY PHYLLANTHACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY ANTIDESMATOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Antidesmeae >
            • Genus Antidesma >
              • Antidesma bunius
          • Tribe Scepinae >
            • Genus Baccaurea
        • SUBFAMILY PHYLLANTHOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Phyllantheae >
            • Genus Phyllanthus >
              • Phyllanthus acidus (Star gooseberry)
              • Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry)
    • ORDER MALVALES >
      • FAMILY BIXACEAE >
        • Genus Bixa >
          • Bixa orellana
      • FAMILY MALVACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY BOMBACOIDEAE >
          • Genus Adansona - Baobab genus >
            • Adansonia digitata - Baobab
            • Adansonia grandidieri - Giant baobab
            • Andansonia gregorii - Australian baobab
          • Genus Quararibea >
            • Quararibea cordata - South American Sapote
        • SUBFAMILY BYTTNEROIDEAE >
          • Genus Theobroma >
            • Theobroma bicolor (Mocambo)
            • Theobroma cacao (Cacao tree)
            • Theobroma granddiflorum - Cupuacu tree
        • SUBFAMILY HELICTEROIDEAE >
          • Tribe Durionneae >
            • Genus Durio L. >
              • Durio dulcis (Red Durian)
              • Durio kutejensis - Durian pulu
              • Durio zibethinus (Durian)
              • Durio graveolens - Red fleshed durian
        • SUBFAMILY MALVOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Hibisceae >
            • Genus Abelmoschus >
              • Abelmoschus caillei - West African okra
              • Abelmoschus esculentus - Okra
        • SUBFAMILY STERCULIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Cola >
            • Cola acuminata
            • Cola nilida
          • Genus Sterculia
      • FAMILY MUNTINGIACEAE >
        • Genus Muntingia >
          • Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry)
    • ORDER MYRTALES >
      • FAMILY LYTHRACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY PUNICOIDEAE >
          • Genus Punica >
            • Runica granatum (Pomegranate)
            • Punica protopunica (Socotran pomegranate)
        • SUBFAMILY SONNERATIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Sonneratia >
            • Sonneratia alba
            • Sonneratia caseolaris
            • Sonneratia hainanensis
            • Sonneratia ovata
        • SUBFAMILY TRAPOIDEAE >
          • Genus Trapa >
            • Trapa natan - Water caltrop
      • FAMILY MYRTACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY MYRTOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Myrteae >
            • Genus Acca >
              • Acca sellowiana
            • Genus Amomyrtus
            • Genus Austromyrtus
            • Genus Eugenia
            • Genus Hexachlamys
            • Genus Luma >
              • Luma apiculata
              • Luma chequen
            • Genus Myrtus
            • Genus Plinia
            • Genus Psidium >
              • Psidium cattleyanum (Cherry Guava)
              • Psidium guajava (Guava)
            • Genus Rhodomyrtus
            • Genus Ugni
          • Tribe Syzygieae >
            • Genus Syzygium >
              • Syzygium jambos
              • Syzygium oleosum
              • Syzygium paniculatum
              • Syzygium papyraceum
              • Syzygium samarangense (Java apple)
              • Syzygium smithii
              • New Page
    • ORDER ROSALES >
      • FAMILY CANNABACEAE >
        • Genus Celtis >
          • Celtis occidentalis
          • Celtis sinensis
      • FAMILY ELAEAGNACEAE >
        • Genus Elaeagnus >
          • Elaegnus angustifola - Russian olive
          • Elaeagnus multiflora - Cherry silverberry
        • Genus Hippophae >
          • Hippophae rhamnoides - Sea buckthorn
        • Genus Shepherdia >
          • Shepherdia argentea - Silver buffaloberry
          • Shepherdia canadensis - Canadian buffalberry
      • FAMILY MORACEAE >
        • Tribe Artocarpeae >
          • Genus Artocarpus >
            • Artocarpus altilis (Breadfruit)
            • Artocarpus camansi - Breadnut
            • Artocarpus integer (Cempedak)
            • Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit)
          • Genus Treculia >
            • Treculia africana (African breadfruit)
        • Tribe Dorstenieae >
          • Genus Brosimum - Breadnut genus >
            • Brosimum alicastrum - Breadnut
        • Tribe Durioneae >
          • Genus Durio >
            • Durio zibethinus (Durian)
        • Tribe Ficeae >
          • Genus Ficus >
            • Ficus carica - Common fig
            • Ficus coronata - Creek sandpeper fig
            • Ficus platypoda - Desert fig
            • Ficus racemosa - Cluster fig
        • Tribe Moceae >
          • Genus Maclura >
            • Maclura cochinchinensis - Cockpur thorn
            • Maclura pomifera - Osage orange
          • Genus Morus >
            • Morus nigra - Black mulberry
            • Morus rubra - Red mulberry
      • FAMILY RHAMNACEAE >
        • Genus Ziziphus >
          • Ziziphus jujuba
          • Ziziphus lotus
          • Ziziphus mauritiana
          • Ziziphus mistol
          • Ziziphus mucronata
          • Ziziphus nummularia
      • FAMILY ROSACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY AMYGDALOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Amygdaleae >
            • Genus Prunus >
              • Subgenus Amygdalus - Almond and Peach >
                • Prunus dulcis - Almond
                • Prunus persica - Peach
              • Subgenus Cerasus - Cherry tree >
                • Prunus avium (Sweet cherry)
                • Prunus cerasus (Sourc cherry)
              • Subgenus Prunus - Apricot and Plum >
                • Section Armeniaca - Apricot trees
                • Plum trees
              • Subgenus laurocerasus - Cherry laurel
              • Subgenus Lithocerasus
              • Subgenus Padus - Bird cherry
          • Tribe Maleae >
            • Subtribe Malinae >
              • Genus Cydonia >
                • Cydonia oblonga (Quince)
              • Genus Eriobotrya >
                • Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat)
              • Genus Malus >
                • Malus domestica - Apple tree
                • Malus sylvestris - European Wild apple
                • Malus pumila (Apple tree)
              • Genus Pyrus >
                • Pyrus communis - European pear
                • Pyrus pyrifolia - Asian pear
                • Pyrus x bretschneideri - Chinese white pear
              • Genus Sorbus >
                • Sorbus subgenus Aria
                • Sorbus subgenus Chamaemespilus
                • Sorbus subgenus Cormus
                • Sorbus subgenus Micromeles
                • Sorbus subgenus Sorbus
                • Sorbus subgenus Torminaria
        • SUBFAMILY ROSOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Rubeae >
            • Genus Prunus
            • Genus Rubus >
              • Rubus fruticosus (Blackberry)
              • Rubus x loganobaccus (Loganberry)
            • Genus Eriobotrya
          • Tribe Potentilleae >
            • Genus Fragaria >
              • Fragaria x ananassa (Straw berry)
              • Fragaria virginiana (Virgina strawberry)
              • Fragaria moschata - Musk strawberry
    • ORDER SAPINDALES >
      • FAMILY ANACARDIACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY ANACARDIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Anacardium >
            • Anacardium occidentale (Cashew tree)
            • Anacardium othonianum (Little cashew)
          • Genus Bouea
          • Genus Mangifera - Mango genus >
            • Mangifera indica - Mango tree
            • Mangifera odorata - Saipan Mango
            • Mangifera siamensis - Thai Mango
            • Mangifera sylvatica - Nepal Mango
          • Genus Rhus >
            • Rhus ovata - Sugar sumac
            • Rhus typhina - Staghorn sumac
        • SUBFAMILY SPONDIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Dracontomelon >
            • Dracontomelon duperreanum (Vietnamese: Sau)
          • Genus Spondias >
            • Spondias dulcis (Golden apple)
            • Spondias mombin (Yellow mommbin)
            • Spondias purpurea - Purple mombin
            • Spondias tuberosa (Brazil plum)
      • FAMILY BURSERACEAE >
        • Genus Canarium >
          • Canarium album
          • Canarium luzonicum
          • Canarium ovatum
          • Canarium pseudodecumanum
        • Genus Dacryodes >
          • Dacryodes edulis - Safou tree
      • FAMILY MELIACEAE >
        • Genus Lansium >
          • Lansium parasiticum - Langsat tree
        • Genus Sandoricum >
          • Sandoricum koetiape - Santol fruit
      • FAMILY RUTACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY AURANTIOIDEAE >
          • Tribe Citreae >
            • Subtribe Balamocitrinae >
              • Genus Aegle - Bael genus
            • Subtribe Citrinae >
              • Genus Citrus >
                • Important Species >
                  • Citrus maxima (Pomelo)
                  • Citrus medica (Citron)
                  • Citrus reticulata - Mandarin
                  • Citrus tangerina (Tangerine)
                • Important Hybrids >
                  • Citrus x sinensis (Sweet orange)
                  • Citrus reticula x sinensis (King orange)
              • Genus Fortunella
            • FAMILY VITACEAE >
              • Genus Cayratia >
                • Cayralia trifola (Vietnamese wild grape)
              • Genus Vitis >
                • Vitis labrusca (Fox grape vine)
                • Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine)
            • Subtribe Triphasiinae
          • Tribe Clauseneae >
            • Genus Glycosmis
        • SUBFAMILY TODDALIOIDEAE >
          • Genus Casimiroa >
            • Casimiroa edulis - White sapote
      • FAMILY SAPINDACEAE >
        • SUBFAMILY HIPPOCASTANOIDEAE >
          • Genus Aesculus - Horse chestnut genus >
            • Aesculus hippocastanum - Horse chestnut
        • SUBFAMILY SAPINDOIDEAE >
          • Genus Blighia >
            • Blighia sapida (Ackee)
          • Genus Diploglottis >
            • Diploglottis australis - Australian tamarin
          • Genus Dimocarpus >
            • Dimocarpus longan (Longan tree)
          • Genus Litchi >
            • Litchi chinensis (Lychee)
          • Genus Melicoccus >
            • Melicoccus bijugatus - Spanish lime
          • Genus Nephelium >
            • Nephelium hypoleucum (Korlan tree)
            • Nephelium malabile (Pulasan tree)
            • Nephelium lappaceum (Rambutan)
            • Nephelium xerospermoides (Hairless Rambutan)
          • Genus Paullinia >
            • Paullinia cupana - Guarana tree
          • Genus Talisia >
            • Talisia esculenta
        • SUBFAMILY XANTHOCEROIDEAE >
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  • ABOUT FRUITS
  • Types of Fruits

Genus Actinidia

Actinidia deliciosa
​Common Kiwifruit or Kiwifruit

Edited by Ho Dinh Hai
Long An - Vietnam
​Updated: 17/11/2016

1- Introduction to the Species Actinidia deliciosa - Common kiwifruit or Kiwifruit

             1.1- Scientific classification
              Kingdom:     Plantae
             (unranked):    Angiosperms
             (unranked):    Eudicots
             (unranked):    Asterids
             Order:           Ericales
             Family:          Actinidiaceae
             Genus:          Actinidia  Lindl.
             Species:        Actinidia deliciosa C.F.Liang & A.R.Ferguson.
              1.2- Species Actinidia deliciosa - Common Kiwifruit or Kiwifruit
              + Overview
              Actinidia deliciosa , Common Kiwifruit, fuzzy kiwifruit or mangüeyo is a fruiting vine native to southern China, the fruit of which has been declared the national fruit of that country. Other species of Actinidia are also found in China and range east to Japan and north into southeastern Siberia. This species grows naturally at altitudes between 600 and 2,000 m.
              Synonym:
             1- Actinidia chinensis deliciosa
             + Etymology
         Early varieties were described in a 1904 nurseryman's catalogue as having "...edible fruits the size of walnuts, and the flavour of ripe gooseberries..." and Europeans called it the Chinese gooseberry.
            In 1962, New Zealand growers began calling it "kiwifruit" when exporting, the name becoming commercially adopted in 1974. The word kiwifruit and shortened kiwi has been used since around 1966 when the fruit was first imported from New Zealand to the United States.
             Kiwifruit has since become a common name for all commercially grown fruit from the genus Actinidia.
             In New Zealand, the shortened word kiwi is seldom used to refer to the fruit, as it usually refers to the kiwi bird or the Kiwi people.

2- Charactewristics of the Species Actinidia deliciosa - Common Kiwifruit or Kiwifruit

​               2.1- Description
                + The plants
                Actinidia deliciosa is a vigorous, woody, twining vine or climbing shrub reaching 9 m.
                Almost all kiwifruit sold belong to a few cultivars of fuzzy kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa): 'Hayward', 'Blake', and 'Saanichton 12'. They have a fuzzy, dull-brown skin, and bright-green flesh.
               + The leaves
              The leaves are alternate, long-petioled, deciduous, oval to nearly circular, cordate at the base, and 7.5-12.5 cm long. Young leaves are coated with red hairs; mature leaves are dark-green and hairless on the upper surface, and downy-white with prominent, light-colored veins beneath.
               + The flowers
           The flowers are fragrant, dioecious or unisexual, borne singly or in threes in the leaf axils, are five- to six-petalled, white at first, changing to buff-yellow, 2.5-5 cm broad, and both sexes have central tufts of many stamens, though those of the female flowers with no viable pollen. The flowers also lack nectar. Male and female flowers appear on different plants (dioecious), and both sexes have to be planted in close proximity for fruit set. Bees are normally used by commercial orchards, although the more labour-intensive hand pollination is sometimes employed. Male flowers are gathered and processed to extract their pollen. This is then sprayed back on to the female flowers.
                + The fruits
              The oblong fruits are up to 6.25 cm long. The russet-brown skin of the fruits is densely covered with short, stiff, brown hairs. The flesh is firm until fully ripened; it is glistening, juicy and luscious. The color of the flesh is bright-green, or sometimes yellow, brownish or off-white, except for the white, succulent center from which radiate many fine, pale lines. The flavor is subacid to quite acid; the flavor is suggested to be similar to that of the gooseberry or strawberry.
               + The seeds
               Between these fine, pale lines in the flesh are scattered minute dark-purple or nearly black seeds, unnoticeable in eating.
         Kiwifruit seed oil contains on average 62% alpha-linolenic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid. Kiwifruit pulp contains carotenoids, such as provitamin Abeta-carotene,  lutein  and  zeaxanthin.
                2.2- Origin and Distribution
                 + Origin:
              This interesting species is native to the provinces of Hupeh, Szechuan, Kiangsi and Fukien in the Yangtze Valley of northern China-latitude 31º N-and Zhejiang Province on the coast of eastern China.
                 + Distribution:
                 Plants and seeds have been distributed from New Zealand to the United States of America (including Hawaii), and to Australia, South Africa, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark.
                In 1962, New Zealand growers began calling it "kiwifruit" to give it more market appeal, and a California-based importer subsequently used that name when introducing the fruit to the American market.
                2.3- Biological characteristics
                 + Climate
                The kiwifruit vine grows naturally at altitudes between 600-2,000 m (2,000 and 6,500 ft). The Kwangsi latitude is approximately that of Galveston, Texas; the climate has been likened to that of Virginia or North Carolina, with heavy rainfall and an abundance of snow and ice in the winter.
            In the Bay of Plenty region the winter mean minimum daily temperatures are from 4.44º-5.56º C (40º to 42º F); mean maximum, 13.89º-15.56º C (57º to 60º F); in summer, mean minimum is 13.33º-13.89º C (56º to 57º F); mean maximum, 23.89º-25º C (75º to 77º F). Annual rainfall is 130-163 cm (51 to 64 in) and relative humidity 76 to 78%.
             In California, the kiwifruit is an appropriate crop wherever citrus fruits, peaches and almonds are successful, though the leaves and flowers are more sensitive to cold than those of orange and peach trees. Autumn frosts retard new growth and kill developing flower buds, or, if they occur after the flowers have opened, will prevent the setting of fruits. Late winter frosts are said to improve the flavor of full-grown fruits.
               Kiwifruit vines in leaf are killed by drops in temperature below 29º F (-1.67º C), while dormant mature vines can survive temperatures down to 10º F (-12.22º C). In France, 1-year-old plants have been killed to the ground by frosts. California growers report that the kiwifruit requires a temperature drop to 32º F (0º C) to cause it to drop its leaves and then 400 hours of dormancy, or 40 days of 40º F (4.44º C), in order to set fruit properly. At Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, where there are only 150 to 200 hours of chilling weather, the vines are slow to put out new spring leaves.
            Alternating warm and cold spells during the winter will reduce flowering. A seedling selection at the Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, Nelspruit, has borne well and appears to be more tolerant of mild winters than other cultivars which are not successful in this warm region of the eastern Transvaal. There have been several attempts to grow kiwifruits in northern and central Florida, and a few vines are growing experimentally in the southern part of the state and even on the Florida Keys but, so far, only the plants at Tallahassee have fruited to any extent.
                 + Propagation
               In as much as seedlings show great variation, it is not recommended that the vine be grown from seed except in experimental plots for clone selection or to produce rootstocks for budding or grafting. To obtain the small seeds, ripe fruits are pulped in an electric blender and then the pulp is strained through a fine screen. The seeds, mixed with moist sand, are placed in a plastic bag, plastic box or other covered container, and kept in a refrigerator (below freezing temperature) for 2 weeks. Then the seed/sand mixture can be planted in nursery flats of sterilized soil, or directly in the garden or field, no deeper than 3 mm (1/8 in) and kept moist. Germination will take 2 to 3 weeks. The seedlings should be thinned out to prevent overcrowding and can be successfully transplanted when 7.5 cm (3 in) high if the soil is taken up with the root system intact. If intended for rootstocks, they should be set 30-45 cm (12 to 15 in ) apart in nursery rows. When 1-year-old, the plants are ready for budding.
             Budwood is taken from the current season's growth and defoliated, leaving only 1.25 cm (1/2 in) of the petiole of each leaf, and is inserted in the rootstock about 10 cm (4 in) above the ground, using the "T" or shield method. When the buds have "taken", the stock is cut back to just above the union.
             For grafting, scions are taken from a parent vine while it is dormant and should be trimmed at both ends, leaving 2 or 3 buds. The scion is joined to the stock by either the whip or tongue process about 10 cm (4 in) from the ground.
             Soft-wood cuttings, trimmed to leave only 2 leaves, are treated with hormones and rooted under intermittent mist. Dormant cuttings have a low percentage of success. In New Zealand, cuttings are not popular because they do not develop a strong root system and are prone to attack by crown-gall. Root-grafting was formerly practiced but abandoned because of susceptibility to crown-gall at the graft union.
             Old vines bearing inferior fruits can be reworked by budding or, preferably cleft-grafting, Which must be done before new growth begins or the vine will bleed sap. Some growers graft a branch of a compatible male onto a female vine to promote pollination. The increasing demand for plants of cv. 'Hayward' in South Africa has led to in vitro propagation using vegetative buds of female plants.
                + Pollination
                Most of the plants require a male plant to pollinate a female plant for the female plant to produce fruit (dioecious). For a good yield of fruit, one male vine for every three to eight female vines is required. Other varieties can self pollinate, but they produce a greater and more reliable yield when pollinated by male kiwifruit vines.
               Kiwifruit is notoriously difficult to pollinate, because the flowers are not very attractive to bees. Some producers blow collected pollen over the female flowers. Generally, the most successful approach, though, is saturation pollination, where the bee populations are made so large (by placing hives in the orchards at a concentration of about 8 hives per hectare) that bees are forced to use this flower because of intense competition for all flowers within flight distance. This is also increased by using varieties specifically developed for pollination.
                + Breeding
            Often in commercial farming, different breeds are used for rootstock, fruit bearing plants, and pollinators. Therefore, the seeds produced are crossbreeds of their parents. Even if the same breeds are used for pollinators and fruit bearing plants, there is no guarantee that the fruit will have the same quality as the parent. Additionally, seedlings take seven years before they flower, so determining whether the kiwi is fruit bearing or a pollinator is time consuming. Therefore, most kiwifruits, with the exception of rootstock and new cultivars, are propagated asexually. This is done by grafting the fruit producing plant onto rootstock grown from seedlings or, if the plant is desired to be a true cultivar, rootstock grown from cuttings of a mature plant.
                 2.4- Nutrition of Kiwi fruits
                 + Introduction
                Kiwis can be eaten as they are or blended into a smoothie. It is best not to cook kiwi so it retains its vitamin C content. It can also be taken as a supplement. Supplements can be in powder, tablet, or capsule form, and are typically made from kiwi extract.
            The dosage you take depends on factors like age, health status, and what you’re trying to treat. Eating one to three kiwis a day is enough for most people to get the boost of nutrients from the fruit. A daily dose of some kiwi powders is about 5.5 grams. Follow the instructions on supplements you take, and ask your doctor before starting a new supplement regimen. They’ll be able to tell you how much is safe for you.
                 + Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) of Kiwifruits
                Nutritional value
               Energy
               Carbohydrates
               Sugars
               Dietary fiber
               Fat
               Protein
                Vitamins
               Vitamin A equiv.
               Thiamine (B1)
               Riboflavin (B2)
               Niacin (B3)
               Pantothenic acid (B5)
               Vitamin B6
               Folate (B9)
               Choline
               Vitamin C
               Vitamin E
               Vitamin K
                Minerals
               Calcium
               Iron
               Magnesium
               Manganese
               Phosphorus
               Potassium
               Sodium
               Zinc
​Kiwifruit, green, raw
255 kJ (61 kcal)
14.66 g
8.99 g
3 g
0.52 g
1.14 g
:
122 μg
0.027 mg (2%)
0.025 mg (2%)
0.341 mg (2%)
0.183 mg (4%)
0.063 mg (5%)
25 μg (6%)
7.8 mg (2%)
92.7 mg (112%)
1.46 mg (10%)
40.3 μg (38%)
:
34 mg (3%)
0.31 mg (2%)
17 mg (5%)
0.098 mg (5%)
34 mg (5%)
312 mg (7%)
3 mg (0%)
0.14 mg (1%)
​Kiwifruit, gold, raw
251 kJ (60 kcal)
14.23 g
10.98 g
2 g
0.56 g
1.23 g
:
114 μg
0.024 mg (2%)
0.046 mg (4%)
0.28 mg (2%)
0.5 mg (10%)
0.057 mg (4%)
34 μg (9%)
5 mg (1%)
105.4 mg (127%)
1.49 mg (10%)
5.5 μg (5%)
:
20 mg (2%)
0.29 mg (2%)
14 mg (4%)
0.058 mg (3%)
29 mg (4%)
316 mg (7%)
3 mg (0%)
0.10 mg (1%)
                + Note!
                 - Units: μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams * IU = International units
                 - Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
                 Source: USDA Nutrient Database - Link to USDA Database entry
                 2.5- Health Benefits of Kiwi fruits
                  + Introduction
               Kiwi health benefits includes helping with protein digestion, managing blood pressure, boosting the body immune system, aiding blood sugar control, creating acid balance in the body, and promoting healthy kidney function. Other benefits includes relieving constipation, promoting restful sleep, improving skin health, help to prevent cancer and improve respiratory function.
                + The 11 Amazing Health Benefits of Kiwi
                1. Help With Protein Digestion
              Meeting your daily protein needs is challenging itself, but it is made much harder when that protein cannot be properly broken down into amino acids for absorption. There are only a few naturally occurring protease enzymes (enzymes which break down proteins), and occur in foods such as papaya and pineapples. The active protease enzyme in kiwis is called actinidain, and is included in some varieties of commercially available meat tenderizer products.
                2. Can Help Manage Blood Pressure
             One of the many forces at play behind the development of high blood pressure is altered electrolyte levels, primarily being elevated sodium and depleted potassium levels. Kiwis do, however, have a fair amount of potassium, which can help to correct salt imbalances that may be negatively affecting blood pressure. Potassium also has a regulatory role on heart contractions but needs to be regulated as too much will result in cardiac dysfunction.
                3. Kiwi Bolster Immune Health
              Kiwis are extremely rich in Vitamin C, with just a 100g size supplying over 150% of your recommended daily intake. While taking in too much of a particular vitamin is not necessarily good advice, Vitamin C is water soluble and does not harm the body, since excess is passed out in urine. High Vitamin C intake is essential for the optimal functioning of your immune system, allowing it to proactively remove threats that may be dangerous to your health. Kiwis also have numerous other anti-oxidants, which act in concert with Vitamin C to protect the body from harm.
               4. Kiwi Support Diabetic Health
            Diabetics need to ensure that they still consume a fair amount of carbohydrates, even though selection of those foods requires more thorough vetting. The kiwi can easily be included however, as it has a low glycemic index, as well as excellent fiber content. This slows the pace at which sugar enters the blood stream significantly, being sure not to overwhelm dysfunctional insulin. When sweet cravings strike, (and they almost certainly do) kiwis can offer a tasty solution that will not negatively affect blood sugar control.
               5. Help Create Acid Balance In The Body
               The vast majority of people have blood pH that is more on the acidic side, a scenario that is far from ideal. Our normal blood pH lies in the neutral to slightly alkaline zone, which is where cells function best. Many of the foods we consume, especially those that are processed, are acid forming and cause our blood chemistry to follow in a similar direction. This is not good, as acidic balance promotes development of cancer, growth of yeast and negative changes to skin. Kiwis are among the most alkaline promoting foods on the planet, helping little by little to correct years of poor eating. Vegetables and most fruits also help restore normal pH, so be sure to get more in your diet.
               6. Kiwi Promote Healthy Kidney Function
            The kidneys filter blood non-stop every day, removing waste and ensuring blood stays clean. As the years go by, an amount of insoluble waste may being to accumulate in the kidneys “filter” apparatus, causing blockages and discomfort. This is called a kidney stone, and is usually composed of various calcium salts. Potassium helps reduce the likelihood of this salt accumulating, which then prevents stone formation. Not drinking enough water on a daily basis increases the likelihood of stones forming, along with hypernatremia (excessive sodium levels in blood).
                7. Kiwi Promote Regularity
              Most people have no issue with regular bowel movements, but there are also a significant number of people that suffer from chronic constipation. Usually, dietary insufficiencies are at the root of the problem, which include not consuming enough water daily, along with not meeting fiber requirements. This is why fiber powders seem to work so well, and also why kiwis are an excellent fruit to do this as well. Kiwis are rich in fiber and also contain high water content, helping you correct two inadequacies at the same time. Kiwis are even purported to have a mild laxative effective, as the soluble fibers helps to make feces looser and more easily excreted.
                8. Can Promote Restful Sleep
               A good mood correlates with good sleep right? As it turns out, this is significantly true, since it was found that by altering levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, persons would sleep better or worse. By increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, mood improves and so does sleep quality. Kiwis contain serotonin, which can improve your mood and quality of sleep.
                9. Improves Skin Health
              The skin is one of our body’s first line of defense, protecting us against things we come in contact with every day that may otherwise harm us. As such, the skin can take quite a beating, especially from the sun. Over time, the skin loses its elasticity and “youthfulness” and becomes saggy and listless. Vitamin C is integrally involved in collagen production, a protein that we need for structural health of tissue such as joints and the skin. Other vitamins and phytonutrients found in kiwis also help to reflect UV damage and preserve skin health for longer.
                10. Kiwi Can Help Prevent Cancer 
             The anti-oxidants contained in kiwi help offset DNA damage, a major contributor of cancer and also prevent actual cellular damage which may result in unwanted changes to the cell. Anti-oxidants make harmful free radicals stable, reducing their potential for damage and allowing them to be excreted by the body. Kiwis are especially well-poised to prevent cancers of the stomach, intestines and colon, since the inclusion of fiber and its numerous phytochemicals promote normal physiology of these organs. High fiber content also helps love waste quickly through the digestive tract, minimizing the contact time waste spends in contact with healthy cells.
               11. Kiwi Improve Respiratory Function
             It is a little known fact that respiratory health benefits from consumption of citrus like bioflavonoids, which in this case includes kiwi’s Vitamin C and related compounds. Bioflavonoids have been used in asthmatics to reduce frequency and severity of attacks, as well as boosting resistance to picking up common infections of the respiratory tract. In addition to asthma, kiwi and its bioflavonoids also boost pulmonary recovery and breathing function in otherwise healthy individuals, and can reduce wheezing from exertion.
                 Source: 11 Amazing Health Benefits of Kiwi - Natural Food Series

                  4.3- Growing
                  + Site Preparation:
               Kiwifruit plants need a substantial trellis, patio cover, or other permanent place to grow upon. For the trellis system, either a single wire or T-bar system can be installed. Both have a 4 inch by 4 inch redwood post of 8 feet. For the T-bar, a 2 inch by 6 inch crossarm about 4 feet long is bolted in place. Bury the post 2 feet into the ground and cement in if at all possible. At each end of the system, a cemented deadman should be in place. Run wires across the posts and anchor tautly to the deadman. When using a patio cover, no extra trellising needs to be in place. Simply run the plant up a corner post to the top and allow the plant to then form a spoke work of shoots which would resemble an umbrella.
                 + Soils:
               Kiwifruit prefer somewhat acid (pH 5 - 6.5), well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The leaves may show nitrogen deficiency if the soil is too basic. The plants do not tolerate salty soils.
                + Irrigation:
              Kiwifruit plants need large volumes of water during the entire growing season but must also be in well-drained soils. Watering regularly in the heat of the summer is a must. Never allow a plant to undergo drought stress. Symptoms of drought stress are drooping leaves, browning of the leaves around the edges, and complete defoliation with regrowth of new shoots when the stress is continuous. More plants probably die from water related problems than any other reason. 
               + Fertilization:
           Plants are heavy nitrogen feeders which should be applied in abundance during the first half of the growing season. Late season applications of nitrogen will enhance fruit size but are discouraged as the fruit then tends to store poorly. In basic soils, a citrus and avocado tree fertilizer should be broadcast about the vine and watered in well in early March. Follow up the initial fertilizing by supplemental additions to early summer. In other areas, use a high nitrogen fertilizer which contains trace elements unless it is known that the particular soil is deficient in another nutrient. Mulching with manures and/or straws is very beneficial. However, do not put the mulch directly in contact with the vine as crown rot will occur.
                + Pruning:
               For best fruit production, pruning in the winter is a must. All pruning techniques are usually based on a "cane replacement" and differ only based on the trellising method used. Kiwi vines need to be supported and this is usually done in one of three ways: single wire, 3-5 wire on a T-bar system, or onto a patio cover. In all cases, one stem is trained up to a wire at six feet and then allowed to grow along the wire. When growth ends in a "pig-tailing" of the shoot, it is cut behind the entanglement and new a shoot allowed to grow from a leaf base. After two years multiple shoots will now emerge from the lateral mainline. During the growing season, each lateral cane will send out a new shoot about 1/3 of the way from its own starting point. The next winter, prune off the older cane at the point that it connects with last summers new shoot. Repeat this every year.
                 + Control Pests and diseases
             Pseudomonas syringae actinidiae (PSA) was first identified in Japan in the 1980s. This bacterial strain has been controlled and managed successfully in orchards in Asia. In 1992, it was found in northern Italy. In 2007/2008, economic losses were observed, as a more virulent strain became more dominant (PSA V). In 2010 it was found in New Zealand's Bay of Plenty kiwifruit orchards in the North Island.
              Scientists reported they had worked out the strain of PSA affecting kiwifruit from New Zealand, Italy, and Chile originated in China.
               + Harvesting
             Ripening depends both on cultivar grown and local climatic conditions. Commercially, the fruit is harvested mature-ripe when its soluble sugars reach 6.5 brix on a refractometer. For the home grower it is best to wait for harvest until at least November 1, but November 15 would be preferable. Seed inside should be fully black by this time. If available, a specifically designed fruit ripening bowl can be used to quickly ripen a few fruit to see if the rest of the crop is ready to be picked. Once harvested, place the hard fruit into plastic bags and put into the refrigerator for keeping. When needed, the fruit can be taken out of the refrigerator and ripened on the counter for a few days in a plastic bag. Well stored fruit can last for several months. The long keeping qualities of the fruit made world wide shipment possible and heavy planting of the Hayward variety brought the fruit into recognition.
                + Storage
              Fruits harvested when firm will not ripen when stored properly for long periods. This allows fruit to be sent to market up to 8 weeks after harvest.
             Firm kiwifruit ripen after a few days to a week when stored at room temperature, but should not be kept in direct sunlight. Faster ripening occurs when placed in a paper bag with an apple, pear, or banana. Once a kiwifruit is ripe, however, it is preserved optimally when stored far from other fruits, as it is very sensitive to the ethylene gas they may emit, thereby tending to over-ripen even in the refrigerator. If stored appropriately, ripe kiwifruit normally keep for about one to two weeks.
               4.4- Production of Kiwifruits on the World
                + Introduction
            Kiwifruit exports rapidly increased from the late 1960s to early 1970s in New Zealand. By 1976, exports exceeded the amount consumed domestically. Outside of Australasia, all New Zealand kiwifruits are now marketed under the brand-name label Zespri.
           In the 1980s, countries outside New Zealand began to export kiwifruit. In Italy, the infrastructure and techniques required to support grape production have been adapted to the kiwifruit. This, coupled with being very close to the European kiwifruit market, led to Italians becoming the leading producer of kiwifruit. The growing season of Italian kiwifruit does not overlap much with the New Zealand or the Chilean growing seasons, therefore direct competition between New Zealand or Chile was not much of a factor.
             Although kiwifruit is a national fruit of China, until recently, China was not a major producing country of kiwifruit, as it was traditionally collected from the wild. In China, it is grown mainly in the mountainous area upstream of the Yangtze River, as well as Sichuan.
            China is now the largest producer of kiwifruit, growing almost four times as much as second-placed Italy in 2013. Other major producers include New Zealand, Chile and Greece.
                 + Top kiwifruit-producing countries in 2013 (in metric tons)
                  Country                  Production (Tonnes)
                 1- China                            1,765,847
                 2- Italy                                447,560
                 3- New Zealand                    382,337
                 4- Chile                               255,758
                 5- Greece                            162,800
                 6- France                              55,999
                 7- Turkey                              41,635
                 8- Iran                                  31,603
                 9- Japan                                29,225
                 10- United States                    27,300
                   World                              2,865,118
                   Source: UN Food & Agriculture Organization
                                                                                                                                                                 Edited by Ho Dinh Hai        
                                                                                                                                                            Long An - Vietnam
                                                                                            References
                1- http://www.worldwidefruits.com
                2- http://www.worldwidefruits.com/orders-of-plants.html
                3- http://www.worldwidefruits.com/order-arecales.html
                4- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecales
                5- http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/arecalesweb.htm
                6- http://www.worldwidefruits.com/genus-actinidia.htm
                7- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwifruit
                8- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinidia_deliciosa
See Video about: Kiwi Fruit Growing
See Video about: Actinidia KIWI BERRY - Species, Varieties, Applications - Part 1
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